Patient characteristics
| OB-ND (n=23) | OB-IFG&D (n=17) | LC (n=11) | P value | |
| Age (years) | 42 (29–49) | 47 (38–53) | 51 (45–64) | (OB-ND vs LC)* |
| Sex (male/female) | 5/18 | 11/6 | 1/11 | (OB-ND vs OB-IFG&D)** (OB-IFG&D vs LC)** |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 39.8 (37.0–44.0) | 45.7 (40.6–49.4) | 23.5 (20.3–25.6) | (OB-ND vs LC)*** (OB-IFG&D vs LC)*** |
| Fat mass (%) | 45.8 (49.6–43.2) | 41.2 (38.0–47.9) | N/A | ns |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 89.0 (81.8–92.3) | 123.0 (110.5–156.0) | 86.0 (72.0–90.0) | (OB-ND vs OB-IFG&D)*** (OB-IFG&D vs LC)*** |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.6 (5.3–5.8) | 6.9 (6.1–7.5) | 5.2 (5.1–5.3) | (OB-ND vs OB-IFG&D)*** (OB-IFG&D vs LC)*** |
| HOMA2 | 1.37 (0.5–1.9) | 1.95 (1.5–4.5) | 0.45 (0.4–0.6) | (OB-IFG&D vs LC)*** (OB-ND vs LC)* (OB-ND vs OB-IFG&D)* |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 185 (167.3–214.5) | 185 (168.8–207.5) | 204 (196.0–219.0) | ns |
| LDL-chol (mg/dL) | 112.5 (96.5–130.0) | 118.0 (99.0–127.5) | 132.0 (102.5–136.0) | ns |
| HDL-chol (mg/dL) | 50.5 (41.5–65.0) | 38.0 (34.0–47.5) | 64.0 (59.0–103.0) | (OB-ND vs OB-IFG&D)* (OB-IFG&D vs LC)*** |
| TG (mg/dL) | 107.5 (73.5–156.0) | 145 (91.5–218.0) | 83 (65.0–96.0) | (OB-IFG&D vs LC)** |
| ALT (U/L) | 28.5 (17.8–43.0) | 34.0 (22.0–51.5) | 20.0 (14.8–22.3) | (OB-ND vs LC)* (OB-IFG&D vs LC)*** |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 106.0 (93.9–122.0) | 103.1 (96.4–111.3) | 99.9 (86.8–104.1) | ns |
| Antidiabetic drugs | N/A | 1/17 (insulin), 7/17 (metformin) | N/A | N/A |
Values are shown as median (IQR).
The Kruskal-Wallis test corrected for multiple comparisons was used for all variables but sex. For sex, Fisher’s exact test was used.
*P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001.
ALT, alanine aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; Hb1Ac, glycated hemoglobin; HDL-chol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA2, Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance; LC, non-diabetic lean control; LDL-chol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; N/A, not available; OB-IFG&D, obese patients with impaired fasting glucose or type 2 diabetes; OB-ND, obese patient without dysglycemia; TG, triglycerides.