ORs (95% CIs) of type 2 diabetes associated with quartiles of ELF score, TIMP1, PIIINP and HA, the Singapore Chinese Health Study
| Variables | Quartiles of variables | P for trend* | Per SD increment | |||
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | |||
| ELF score† | ||||||
| Median (range) | 8.51 (7.47–8.75) | 8.95 (8.75–9.12) | 9.29 (9.13–9.51) | 9.92 (9.52–12.2) | ||
| Case/controls | 63/64 | 53/63 | 50/64 | 88/63 | ||
| Model 1‡ | 1.00 | 0.88 (0.51 to 1.49) | 0.87 (0.49 to 1.54) | 1.54 (0.90 to 2.61) | 0.08 | 1.19 (0.98 to 1.45) |
| Model 2§ | 1.00 | 0.87 (0.47 to 1.60) | 0.72 (0.37 to 1.39) | 1.03 (0.56 to 1.92) | 0.94 | 1.03 (0.83 to 1.29) |
| Model 3¶ | 1.00 | 0.88 (0.44 to 1.76) | 0.76 (0.37 to 1.56) | 0.79 (0.38 to 1.62) | 0.46 | 0.92 (0.71 to 1.20) |
| TIMP1, μg/L | ||||||
| Median (range) | 176 (136–186) | 199 (187–209) | 221 (210–235) | 258 (236–406) | ||
| Case/controls | 32/64 | 56/63 | 66/64 | 100/63 | ||
| Model 1‡ | 1.00 | 1.85 (1.05 to 3.27) | 2.08 (1.17 to 3.68) | 3.02 (1.75 to 5.23) | <0.001 | 1.46 (1.21 to 1.76) |
| Model 2§ | 1.00 | 2.21 (1.16 to 4.22) | 2.09 (1.10 to 3.96) | 2.76 (1.46 to 5.21) | 0.006 | 1.42 (1.14 to 1.77) |
| Model 3¶ | 1.00 | 2.38 (1.15 to 4.90) | 2.27 (1.09 to 4.75) | 2.56 (1.23 to 5.34) | 0.035 | 1.36 (1.06 to 1.75) |
| PIIINP, μg/L | ||||||
| Median (range) | 4.95 (3.10–5.40) | 5.90 (5.50–6.30) | 7.00 (6.40–7.90) | 9.60 (8.00–28.5) | ||
| Case/controls | 48/70 | 44/58 | 77/64 | 85/62 | ||
| Model 1‡ | 1.00 | 1.16 (0.66 to 2.05) | 1.92 (1.13 to 3.27) | 2.08 (1.24 to 3.48) | 0.001 | 1.21 (1.01 to 1.46) |
| Model 2§ | 1.00 | 1.03 (0.54 to 1.95) | 1.20 (0.65 to 2.20) | 1.50 (0.82 to 2.74) | 0.15 | 1.08 (0.88 to 1.33) |
| Model 3¶ | 1.00 | 0.92 (0.45 to 1.88) | 0.87 (0.43 to 1.75) | 1.19 (0.59 to 2.41) | 0.57 | 0.99 (0.79 to 1.25) |
| HA, μg/L | ||||||
| Median (range) | 26.2 (10.4–33.2) | 41.9 (33.4–50.1) | 60.1 (50.4–76.3) | 111 (76.4–936) | ||
| Case/controls | 70/64 | 52/63 | 61/64 | 71/63 | ||
| Model 1‡ | 1.00 | 0.74 (0.44 to 1.27) | 0.90 (0.52 to 1.56) | 1.09 (0.64 to 1.84) | 0.57 | 1.03 (0.86 to 1.25) |
| Model 2§ | 1.00 | 0.70 (0.37 to 1.32) | 0.93 (0.49 to 1.76) | 0.82 (0.44 to 1.54) | 0.79 | 0.95 (0.77 to 1.18) |
| Model 3¶ | 1.00 | 0.56 (0.27 to 1.15) | 0.90 (0.43 to 1.88) | 0.62 (0.30 to 1.27) | 0.42 | 0.87 (0.65 to 1.15) |
*Linear trend was tested using the quartiles of ELF score, TIMP1, PIIINP and HA as continuous variables.
†ELF score=2.278+0.851×ln(HA concentration)+0.751× ln(PIIINP concentration)+0.394×ln(TIMP1 concentration).
‡Model 1: adjusted for age at blood-taking (years), education level (primary school and below, secondary or above) and fasting status (yes, no).
§Model 2: model 1 plus smoking (never, ever smoker), alcohol intake (never, ever drinker), weekly activity (<0.5, ≥0.5 hours/week), history of hypertension (yes, no) and body mass index (kg/m2).
¶Model 3: model 2 plus triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-sensitivity C reactive protein, adiponectin, gamma-glutamyl transferase and alanine aminotransferase (all in quartiles).
ELF, enhanced liver fibrosis; HA, hyaluronic acid; PIIINP, amino-terminal propeptide of type III procollagen; Q, quartile; TIMP1, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1.