Baseline characteristics of employees and dependents with pre-diabetes
| Characteristic | DHP (n=1538) | Control (n=10 427) | P value |
| Female | 54% | 44% | <0.001 |
| Age | 51.2 (8.7) | 49.8 (8.8) | <0.001 |
| Education | <0.001 | ||
| HS or less | 38% | 31% | |
| Some college | 55% | 52% | |
| Bachelor’s degree or above | 7% | 17% | |
| Income | <0.001 | ||
| <$30 000 | 6% | 5% | |
| $30 000–$49 000 | 24% | 18% | |
| $50 000–$74 000 | 29% | 30% | |
| $75 000+ | 41% | 47% | |
| Race/ethnicity | <0.001 | ||
| White | 72% | 71% | |
| Hispanic | 15% | 16% | |
| African–American | 10% | 7% | |
| Asian | 2% | 5% | |
| Other | <1% | <1% | |
| A1c/FPG/OGTT lab tests in baseline year (n) | <0.001 | ||
| 0 | 7% | 14% | |
| 1 | 60% | 62% | |
| 2 | 22% | 17% | |
| 3+ | 11% | 7% | |
| Higher A1c/FPG at baseline | 32% | 31% | 0.347 |
| Obese | 8% | 8% | 0.287 |
| Mental health comorbidity | 13% | 14% | 0.075 |
Mental health comorbidity was defined by ≥1 International Classification of Diseases 9th Revision (ICD-9) related diagnosis for schizophrenia, depression, anxiety and/or post-traumatic stress disorder. Higher A1c/FPG at baseline=baseline A1c 6.0%–6.4% or FPG 110–125 mg/dL. Obese was defined by ≥1 ICD-9 related diagnosis of body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2.
Bold values denote statistical significance at the p<0.05 level
DHP, Diabetes Health Plan; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HS, high school; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test.