HRs and 95% CIs for the incidence of type 2 diabetes according to quartiles of eGFR variability (VIM)*
| eGFR variability quartiles† | Events (n) | Follow-up duration (person-years) | Incidence rate (per 1000 person-years) | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 |
| Q1 (n=600 743) | 2248 | 1 926 104.35 | 1.16712 | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) |
| Q2 (n=600 404) | 2915 | 1 919 928.38 | 1.51829 | 1.017 (0.961 to 1.076) | 1.051 (0.994 to 1.113) | 1.071 (1.012 to 1.134) | 1.068 (1.009 to 1.130) |
| Q3 (n=600 910) | 2893 | 1 919 043.84 | 1.50752 | 1.108 (1.049 to 1.171) | 1.097 (1.038 to 1.160) | 1.098 (1.038 to 1.160) | 1.077 (1.018 to 1.138) |
| Q4 (n=600 611) | 3925 | 1 908 829.01 | 2.05623 | 1.311 (1.243 to 1.384) | 1.258 (1.191 to 1.328) | 1.240 (1.175 to 1.310) | 1.203 (1.139 to 1.270) |
| P for trend | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |||
Model 1: adjusted for age and sex. Model 2: adjusted for model 1 plus smoking history, alcohol consumption, regular exercise, low-income status and body mass index. Model 3: adjusted for model 2 plus hypertension, dyslipidemia and mean eGFR during the health examinations. Model 4: adjusted for model 3 plus mean fasting plasma glucose during the health examinations.
Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) that are significantly different from the reference group were presented in bold text.
*The Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation was used to calculate eGFR, while the VIM was used to assess variability.
†Range of eGFR variability (VIM): Q1 (0.10≤VIM<6.11), Q2 (6.11≤VIM<8.81), Q3 (8.81≤VIM<13.95), Q4 (13.95≤VIM≤542.29).
eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; VIM, variability independent of the mean.