Baseline characteristics of participants according to quartiles of variability in eGFR†
| Q1 (n=600 743) | Q2 (n=600 404) | Q3 (n=600 910) | Q4 (n=600 611) | P value | P for trend | |
| Age (years) | 39.29±10.03 | 44.17±11.19 | 41.36±11.01 | 45.20±11.50 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Men (n (%)) | 489 609 (81.50) | 286 611 (47.74) | 451 665 (75.16) | 311 096 (51.80) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Current smoker (n (%)) | 228 983 (38.12) | 121 979 (20.32) | 205 900 (34.26) | 138 444 (23.05) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Heavy alcohol consumption (n (%)) | 53 919 (8.98) | 30 597 (5.10) | 49 349 (8.21) | 33 614 (5.60) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Regular exercise (n (%)) | 137 062 (22.82) | 135 731 (22.61) | 141 785 (23.60) | 139 777 (23.27) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Low-income status (n (%)) | 63 472 (10.57) | 91 934 (15.31) | 84 694 (14.09) | 124 932 (20.80) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Body weight (kg) | 68.81±12.14 | 62.96±11.67 | 67.76±12.20 | 64.25±12.05 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.75±3.23 | 23.15±3.18 | 23.70±3.23 | 23.52±3.18 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 80.75±8.80 | 77.78±9.26 | 80.41±8.98 | 78.92±9.10 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 120.39±12.41 | 118.33±13.18 | 120.05±12.71 | 119.37±13.23 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 75.83±8.88 | 74.49±9.25 | 75.58±9.04 | 74.99±9.27 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 88.69±7.13 | 88.60±7.16 | 88.65±7.25 | 88.54±7.32 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 191.53±33.92 | 192.40±34.08 | 191.91±34.27 | 193.83±35.16 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL)* | 109.04 (108.88–109.20) | 96.53 (96.39–96.67) | 107.31 (107.15–107.46) | 102.47 (102.33–102.62) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 54.51±14.46 | 57.53±15.11 | 55.22±14.30 | 56.98±14.69 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 112.67±37.65 | 112.97±35.56 | 112.62±39.63 | 113.77±39.55 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 91.24±15.38 | 85.56±16.60 | 90.00±18.95 | 88.31±24.36 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)* | 88.97 (80.80–99.29) | 82.73 (74.47–92.99) | 87.29 (76.63–100.48) | 84.79 (71.15–101.96) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| CKD (eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2) | 3047 (0.51) | 9792 (1.63) | 13 028 (2.17) | 42 807 (7.14) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Hypertension (n (%)) | 68 006 (11.32) | 83 090 (13.84) | 80 887 (13.46) | 101 356 (16.88) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Dyslipidemia (n (%)) | 70 562 (11.75) | 84 865 (14.13) | 80 167 (13.34) | 101 956 (16.98) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Range of eGFR variability (VIM): Q1 (0.10≤VIM<6.11), Q2 (6.11≤VIM<8.81), Q3 (8.81≤VIM<13.95), Q4 (13.95≤VIM≤542.29).
*Values are presented as number (%), mean±SD or *median (IQR).
†The Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation was used to calculate the eGFR, while the VIM was used to assess variability.
BP, blood pressure; CKD, chronic kidney disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; VIM, variability independent of the mean.