Table 2

Comparisons between female collegiate athletes and untrained students (non-athletes) with family history of diabetes

	Athletes			Non-athletes			P values
	n=4			n=6			P values
Age (years)	21.8	±	0.1	23.3	±	0.6	0.001
Body mass index (kg/m²)	20.9	±	0.7	22.0	±	3.6	0.490
Fat mass index (kg/m²)	4.4	±	1.0	6.7	±	2.8	0.162
Waist circumference (cm)	69.2	±	3.1	73.6	±	9.4	0.318
SMI (kg/m²)	6.6	±	0.3	6.0	±	0.3	0.018
Trunk/leg fat ratio	1.14	±	0.16	1.30	±	0.26	0.299
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)	88	±	5	84	±	6	0.317
30 min glucose (mg/dL)	114	±	15	103	±	14	0.264
60 min glucose (mg/dL)	84	±	10	83	±	19	0.951
120 min glucose (mg/dL)	81	±	13	66	±	6	0.083
Fasting insulin (μU/mL)	3.0	±	0.6	5.2	±	2.5	0.144
30 min insulin (μU/mL)	31	±	14	57	±	19	0.044
60 min insulin (μU/mL)	23	±	10	49	±	18	0.031
120 min insulin (μU/mL)	14	±	11	22	±	6	0.264
Fasting FFA (mEq/L)	0.46	±	0.13	0.51	±	0.18	0.627
30 min FFA (mEq/L)	0.37	±	0.17	0.37	±	0.10	0.962
60 min FFA (mEq/L)	0.24	±	0.08	0.27	±	0.06	0.575
120 min FFA (mEq/L)	0.21	±	0.03	0.24	±	0.06	0.364
30 min %FFA (%)	83	±	41	75	±	19	0.692
60 min %FFA (%)	55	±	22	56	±	18	0.912
120 min %FFA (%)	46	±	7	54	±	30	0.638
Δglucose30 (mg/dL)	26	±	14	18	±	18	0.509
Δinsulin30 (µU/mL)	28	±	14	52	±	17	0.045
Glucose-AUC (mg/dL/2 hour)	183	±	14	168	±	19	0.223
Insulin-AUC (µU/mL/2 hour)	40	±	20	78	±	23	0.028
FFA-AUC (mEq/L/2 hour)	0.59	±	0.17	0.63	±	0.10	0.591
Pulse rate (bpm)	48	±	6	58	±	6	0.038
CAVI	6.5	±	0.6	6.1	±	0.2	0.142

Mean±SD.
AUC, area under the concentration curve; bpm, beats per minute; CAVI, cardio-ankle vascular index; %FFA, percent changes in FFA; FFA, free fatty acid; Δglucose30, the increment in plasma glucose during the first 30 min; Δinsulin30, the increment in serum insulin during the first 30 min of the meal test; SMI, skeletal muscle mass index.