Family history of diabetes | |||||||
Present | Absent | P values | |||||
n=10 | n=21 | ||||||
Age (years) | 22.7 | ± | 0.9 | 22.0 | ± | 0.3 | 0.038 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 21.6 | ± | 2.8 | 21.9 | ± | 2.3 | 0.727 |
Fat mass index (kg/m2) | 5.8 | ± | 2.5 | 5.8 | ± | 1.8 | 0.996 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 71.8 | ± | 7.6 | 74.3 | ± | 5.5 | 0.303 |
SMI (kg/m2) | 6.3 | ± | 0.4 | 6.6 | ± | 0.7 | 0.079 |
Trunk/leg fat ratio | 1.24 | ± | 0.23 | 1.19 | ± | 0.25 | 0.595 |
HOMA-IR | 0.9 | ± | 0.5 | 0.7 | ± | 0.4 | 0.178 |
AT-IR | 2.1 | ± | 1.2 | 1.5 | ± | 0.8 | 0.159 |
HbA1c (%) | 5.2 | ± | 0.2 | 5.2 | ± | 0.2 | 0.336 |
Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 86 | ± | 6 | 83 | ± | 4 | 0.159 |
30 min glucose (mg/dL) | 107 | ± | 15 | 106 | ± | 15 | 0.847 |
60 min glucose (mg/dL) | 84 | ± | 15 | 85 | ± | 20 | 0.852 |
120 min glucose (mg/dL) | 72 | ± | 12 | 77 | ± | 12 | 0.308 |
Fasting insulin (μU/mL) | 4.3 | ± | 2.2 | 3.3 | ± | 1.9 | 0.212 |
30 min insulin (μU/mL) | 47 | ± | 21 | 28 | ± | 12 | 0.005 |
60 min insulin (μU/mL) | 38 | ± | 20 | 23 | ± | 14 | 0.022 |
120 min insulin (μU/mL) | 19 | ± | 9 | 10 | ± | 6 | 0.002 |
Δglucose30 (mg/dL) | 21 | ± | 16 | 23 | ± | 15 | 0.813 |
Δinsulin30 (µU/mL) | 43 | ± | 20 | 25 | ± | 12 | 0.005 |
Glucose-AUC (mg/dL/2 hour) | 174 | ± | 18 | 176 | ± | 23 | 0.795 |
Insulin-AUC (µU/mL/2 hour) | 63 | ± | 28 | 38 | ± | 17 | 0.004 |
Fasting FFA (mEq/L) | 0.49 | ± | 0.16 | 0.48 | ± | 0.17 | 0.838 |
30 min FFA (mEq/L) | 0.37 | ± | 0.12 | 0.35 | ± | 0.12 | 0.602 |
60 min FFA (mEq/L) | 0.26 | ± | 0.07 | 0.21 | ± | 0.05 | 0.042 |
120 min FFA (mEq/L) | 0.23 | ± | 0.05 | 0.24 | ± | 0.06 | 0.636 |
30 min %FFA (%) | 78.0 | ± | 27.6 | 75.5 | ± | 21.6 | 0.779 |
60 min %FFA (%) | 55.8 | ± | 18.3 | 48.9 | ± | 18.3 | 0.333 |
120 min %FFA (%) | 51.0 | ± | 23.1 | 56.3 | ± | 26.2 | 0.590 |
Fasting TG (mg/dL) | 58 | ± | 23 | 51 | ± | 17 | 0.283 |
30 min TG (mg/dL) | 67 | ± | 24 | 54 | ± | 19 | 0.119 |
60 min TG (mg/dL) | 79 | ± | 23 | 66 | ± | 23 | 0.185 |
120 min TG (mg/dL) | 87 | ± | 33 | 75 | ± | 30 | 0.339 |
FFA-AUC (mEq/L/2 hour) | 0.62 | ± | 0.13 | 0.57 | ± | 0.13 | 0.366 |
TG-AUC (mg/dL/2 hour) | 151 | ± | 49 | 127 | ± | 44 | 0.197 |
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 72 | ± | 13 | 75 | ± | 12 | 0.546 |
Serum cholesterol (mg/dL) | 179 | ± | 26 | 176 | ± | 22 | 0.750 |
Leptin (ng/mL) | 8.8 | ± | 6.1 | 6.4 | ± | 3.4 | 0.157 |
Adiponectin (mg/L) | 9.5 | ± | 2.9 | 12.4 | ± | 5.0 | 0.101 |
hsCRP (µg/dL) | 31 | ± | 52 | 45 | ± | 109 | 0.715 |
Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 112 | ± | 8 | 114 | ± | 7 | 0.456 |
Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 70 | ± | 8 | 67 | ± | 5 | 0.451 |
Resting pulse rate (bpm) | 54 | ± | 8 | 52 | ± | 11 | 0.593 |
Athletes (n,%) | 4 | , | 40.0 | 12 | , | 57.1 | 0.458 |
Mean±SD or n, %.
AT, adipose tissue; AUC, area under the concentration curve; BP, blood pressure; bpm, beats per minute; FFA, free fatty acids; %FFA, percent changes in FFA; Δglucose30, the increment in plasma glucose during the first 30 min; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HOMA, homeostasis model assessment; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; Δinsulin30, the increment in serum insulin during the first 30 min of the meal test; IR, insulin resistance; SMI, skeletal muscle mass index; TG, triglycerides.