Cross-sectional association estimates between proinsulin to insulin ratio and components of the metabolic syndrome adjusted for sex, age and physical activity (model 1): β coefficients±SE from linear regression models are given per SD
| Adjusted β±SE | P value | |
| Elevated waist circumference* (yes: n=1011; no: n=503) | −0.22±0.03 | <0.001 |
| Elevated triglycerides† (yes: n=371; no: n=1143) | 0.08±0.08 | 0.21 |
| Reduced HDL cholesterol‡ (yes: n=276; no: n=1238) | −0.08±0.07 | 0.23 |
| Elevated fasting glucose§ (yes: n=463; no: n=1051) | 0.30±0.06 | <0.001 |
| Elevated blood pressure¶ (yes: n=740; no: n=774) | 0.03±0.06 | 0.62 |
*Defined as ≥80 cm in women and ≥94 cm in men.
†Defined as ≥1.7 mmol/L and/or intake of fibrates or nicotinic acid.
‡Defined as <1.0 mmol/L in men and <1.3 mmol/L in women and/or intake of fibrates or nicotinic acid.
§Ddefined as ≥5.6 mmol/L and/or intake of antidiabetic medication.
¶Defined as systolic blood pressure ≥130 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥85 mm Hg and/or use of antihypertensive medication, given that the participants were aware of being hypertensive.
HDL, high-density lipoprotein.