Characteristics of subjects by glucose status according to OGTT
| Variable | Overall | Normal | Prediabetes | NDD |
| N | 6836 | 4690 (68.6%) | 1333 (19.5%) | 813 (11.9%) |
| Age (years) | 40 (31–50) | 39 (29–49) | 45 (35–55)*** | 49 (40–58)*** |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 2884 (42.2%) | 1963 (41.9%) | 562 (42.2%) | 359 (44.2%) |
| Female | 3952 (57.8%) | 2727 (58.1%) | 771 (57.8%) | 454 (55.8%) |
| Positive family history of DM | 1363 (24.6%) | 827 (22.2%) | 353 (30.0%)*** | 183 (28.8%)*** |
| Primary education or more | 3045 (53.3%) | 2132 (54.3%) | 604 (52.2%) | 309 (49.1%)* |
| Tobacco | 814 (14.1%) | 508 (12.8%) | 199 (16.9%)*** | 107 (16.7%)** |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.3 (22.8–30.3) | 26.2 (22.5–30.1) | 26.5 (23.3–30.4)* | 27.1 (23.7–30.7)** |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 91 (81–99) | 89 (81–98) | 92 (86–102)*** | 94 (86–103)*** |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 120 (110–130) | 120 (110–130) | 120 (115–140)*** | 130 (120–140)*** |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 80 (71–90) | 80 (70–90) | 80 (80–90)*** | 80 (80–90)*** |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 185 (151–222) | 183 (149–218) | 188 (157–227)** | 192 (154–230)** |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 146 (102–218) | 138 (97–206) | 155 (108–226)*** | 183 (123–269)*** |
| High-density lipoprotein (mg/dL) | 31 (21.9–40) | 31.6 (22.4–40.1) | 30.4 (22.0–39.7) | 29.0 (20.1–37.1)*** |
| Low-density lipoprotein (mg/dL) | 118.9 (95.1–145.6) | 117.3 (95–143.4) | 122 (97–150.4)*** | 121.5 (94.2–149.8) |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.1 (4.8–5.5) | 5.0 (4.8–5.3) | 5.2 (4.9–5.6)*** | 6.2 (5.3–8.4)*** |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 32 (29–37) | 31 (29–34) | 33 (30–38)*** | 44 (34–68)*** |
Data presented as median (IQR) or n (%)
*P<0.05, **p<0.001, ***p<0.0001.
DM, diabetes mellitus; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin ; NDD, newly diagnosed diabetes; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test.