Associations between patient characteristics at medication initiation and subsequent genital infections with SGLT2 and DPP4 inhibitors
| SGLT2i (n=21 008) HR (95% CI) P value | DPP4i (n=55 481) HR (95% CI) P value | |
| Age (years) | 0.99 (0.99 to 1.00) p=0.069 | 0.98 (0.98 to 0.99) p<0.001 |
| Female | 3.66 (3.24 to 4.13) p<0.001 | 4.05 (3.51 to 4.66) p<0.001 |
| Duration of diabetes (Reference group: <5 years) | ||
| 5–10 years | 0.87 (0.77 to 0.98) p=0.024 | 1.01 (0.89 to 1.14) p=0.91 |
| >10 years | 0.93 (0.81 to 1.06) p=0.24 | 1.05 (0.91 to 1.22) p=0.49 |
| HbA1c (Reference group:<8.0% (<64 mmol/mol)) | ||
| 8.0%–9.5% (64–80 mmol/mol) | 1.11 (0.97 to 1.27) p=0.13 | 1.12 (0.98 to 1.27) p=0.108 |
| >9.5% (>80 mmol/mol) | 0.95 (0.83 to 1.09) p=0.49 | 1.48 (1.29 to 1.71) p<0.001 |
| eGFR (Reference group:>90 mL/min) | ||
| 60–90 mL/min | 0.78 (0.56 to 1.08) p=0.13 | 0.76 (0.61 to 0.96) p=0.019 |
| <60 mL/min | 1.01 (0.90 to 1.13) p=0.87 | 0.96 (0.85 to 1.09) p=0.57 |
| BMI (Reference group: 25–30 kg/m2) | ||
| <25 kg/m2 | 0.78 (0.55 to 1.10) p=0.15 | 0.70 (0.53 to 0.93) p=0.016 |
| >30 kg/m2 | 1.22 (1.07 to 1.39) p=0.005 | 1.29 (1.13 to 1.48) p<0.001 |
| Previous genital mycosis (Reference group: no previous infection) | ||
| <1 year | 4.47 (3.81 to 5.24) p<0.001 | 8.90 (7.67 to 10.34) p<0.001 |
| 1–5 years | 3.04 (2.64 to 3.51) p<0.001 | 4.13 (3.54 to 4.82) p<0.001 |
| >5 years | 1.77 (1.53 to 2.04) p<0.001 | 2.00 (1.68 to 2.38) p<0.001 |
| C-statistic | 0.76 | 0.82 |
BMI, body mass index; DDP4i, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HR, hazard ratio; SGTL2, sodium-glucose co-transporter-2.