Cox regression analysis for new onset of any-DR and STDR*
| Variables | New-onset DR HR (95% CI) | P value | STDR HR (95% CI) | P value |
| Baseline renal biomarkers | ||||
| Serum creatinine | 1.67 (1.33 to 2.09) | <0.0001 | 1.49 (1.31 to 1.70) | <0.0001 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | ||||
| >90 (normal) | 1 (reference) | NA | 1 (reference) | NA |
| 61–90 (mildly diminished) | 1.01 (0.90 to 1.13) | 0.8865 | 1.16 (0.99 to 1.37) | 0.0640 |
| 46–60 (moderately diminished) | 1.43 (1.10 to 1.87) | 0.0081 | 1.68 (1.22 to 2.31) | 0.0015 |
| 30–45 (moderate-severely diminished) | 2.04 (1.34 to 3.10) | 0.0009 | 1.85 (1.14 to 2.99) | 0.0129 |
| <30 (severely diminished) | 3.93 (1.63 to 9.48) | 0.0023 | 4.85 (2.87 to 8.21) | <0.0001 |
| Albuminuria | ||||
| Normoalbuminuria | 1 (reference) | NA | 1 (reference) | NA |
| Microalbuminuria (≥30 µg to <300 µg/mg) | 1.34 (1.20 to 1.50) | <0.0001 | 1.72 (1.49 to 1.99) | <0.0001 |
| Macroalbuminuria (≥300 µg/mg) | 2.00 (1.57 to 2.55) | <0.0001 | 3.00 (2.41 to 3.75) | <0.0001 |
The statistically signficant p values are in bold.
*The model is adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin, duration of diabetes, cholesterol, triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein.
DR, diabetic retinopathy; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HR, hazard ratio; NA, not applicable; STDR, sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy.