Event | Before weighting | After weighting | |||||||
Cumulative incidence | Crude incidence rate (cases/100 person-years) | Median follow-up period (months) | Mean follow-up period (months) | Incidence rate (cases/100 person-years) | |||||
Cases with event | Rate | Estimate | 95% CI* | Person-years | Estimate | 95% CI* | |||
Total (n=20 577) | |||||||||
Cancer | 571 | 0.028 | 0.97 | (0.89 to 1.06) | 58 687.17 | 28 | 34 | 1.00 | (0.95 to 1.05) |
Lip, oral cavity and pharynx | 18 | 0.001 | 0.03 | (0.02 to 0.05) | 59 507.33 | 28 | 35 | 0.03 | (0.03 to 0.04) |
Digestive organs | 248 | 0.012 | 0.42 | (0.37 to 0.47) | 59 240.67 | 28 | 35 | 0.41 | (0.38 to 0.44) |
Esophagus, stomach, and small intestine | 22 | 0.001 | 0.04 | (0.02 to 0.06) | 59 514.25 | 28 | 35 | 0.03 | (0.02 to 0.03) |
Colorectum | 105 | 0.005 | 0.18 | (0.14 to 0.21) | 59 382.92 | 28 | 35 | 0.19 | (0.17 to 0.22) |
Colon | 75 | 0.004 | 0.13 | (0.10 to 0.16) | 59 441.92 | 28 | 35 | 0.15 | (0.13 to 0.17) |
Rectum/anus | 43 | 0.002 | 0.07 | (0.05 to 0.10) | 59 460.92 | 28 | 35 | 0.09 | (0.07 to 0.10) |
Liver | 56 | 0.003 | 0.09 | (0.07 to 0.12) | 59 459.83 | 28 | 35 | 0.08 | (0.07 to 0.10) |
Gallbladder and extrahepatic bile duct | 22 | 0.001 | 0.04 | (0.02 to 0.06) | 59 516.08 | 28 | 35 | 0.05 | (0.04 to 0.06) |
Pancreas | 46 | 0.002 | 0.08 | (0.06 to 0.10) | 59 513.58 | 28 | 35 | 0.06 | (0.05 to 0.07) |
Respiratory system | 65 | 0.003 | 0.11 | (0.08 to 0.14) | 59 471.83 | 28 | 35 | 0.15 | (0.13 to 0.17) |
Bone, skin and soft tissure | 22 | 0.001 | 0.04 | (0.02 to 0.06) | 59 498.33 | 28 | 35 | 0.04 | (0.03 to 0.05) |
Breast and genital organs (for female only) | 84 | 0.009 | 0.32 | (0.25 to 0.40) | 26 283.00 | 28 | 35 | 0.27 | (0.24 to 0.31) |
Urinary organs | 36 | 0.002 | 0.06 | (0.04 to 0.08) | 59 459.83 | 28 | 35 | 0.09 | (0.08 to 0.11) |
Eye, brain and central nervous system, endocrine glands | 13 | 0.001 | 0.02 | (0.01 to 0.04) | 59 512.08 | 28 | 35 | 0.03 | (0.02 to 0.03) |
Lymphatic and hematopoietic tissue | 43 | 0.002 | 0.07 | (0.05 to 0.10) | 59 492.92 | 28 | 35 | 0.05 | (0.04 to 0.07) |
Cancer mortality | 179 | 0.009 | 0.31 | (0.26 to 0.35) | 58 538.83 | 28 | 34 | 0.29 | (0.27 to 0.32) |
All-cause mortality | 1489 | 0.072 | 2.54 | (2.42 to 2.68) | 58 538.83 | 28 | 34 | 2.09 | (2.02 to 2.16) |
DPP4i as third-line medication (n=9957) | |||||||||
Cancer | 200 | 0.020 | 0.76 | (0.66 to 0.87) | 26 428.25 | 28 | 32 | 0.83 | (0.75 to 0.91) |
Lip, oral cavity, and pharynx | 7 | 0.001 | 0.03 | (0.01 to 0.05) | 26 697.08 | 29 | 32 | 0.03 | (0.01 to 0.04) |
Digestive organs | 76 | 0.008 | 0.29 | (0.22 to 0.36) | 26 629.33 | 28 | 32 | 0.32 | (0.27 to 0.37) |
Esophagus, stomach, and small intestine | 7 | 0.001 | 0.03 | (0.01 to 0.05) | 26 710.33 | 29 | 32 | 0.03 | (0.01 to 0.04) |
Colorectum | 37 | 0.004 | 0.14 | (0.10 to 0.19) | 26 662.08 | 28 | 32 | 0.15 | (0.12 to 0.18) |
Colon | 28 | 0.003 | 0.10 | (0.07 to 0.15) | 26 677.50 | 28 | 32 | 0.11 | (0.09 to 0.15) |
Rectum/anus | 14 | 0.001 | 0.05 | (0.03 to 0.09) | 26 693.17 | 29 | 32 | 0.06 | (0.04 to 0.08) |
Liver | 17 | 0.002 | 0.06 | (0.04 to 0.10) | 26 694.17 | 29 | 32 | 0.07 | (0.05 to 0.10) |
Gallbladder and extrahepatic bile duct | 4 | 0.000 | 0.01 | (0.00 to 0.04) | 26 710.58 | 29 | 32 | 0.01 | (0.00 to 0.02) |
Pancreas | 11 | 0.001 | 0.04 | (0.02 to 0.07) | 26 706.33 | 29 | 32 | 0.06 | (0.04 to 0.08) |
Respiratory system | 19 | 0.002 | 0.07 | (0.04 to 0.11) | 26 695.67 | 29 | 32 | 0.08 | (0.06 to 0.11) |
Bone, skin, and soft tissue | 10 | 0.001 | 0.04 | (0.02 to 0.07) | 26 688.75 | 29 | 32 | 0.04 | (0.03 to 0.06) |
Breast and genital organs (for females only) | 33 | 0.008 | 0.28 | (0.20 to 0.40) | 11 614.67 | 29 | 32 | 0.30 | (0.24 to 0.38) |
Urinary organs | 15 | 0.002 | 0.06 | (0.03 to 0.09) | 26 691.42 | 29 | 32 | 0.05 | (0.04 to 0.08) |
Eye, brain and central nervous system, endocrine glands | 5 | 0.001 | 0.02 | (0.01 to 0.04) | 26 703.25 | 29 | 32 | 0.02 | (0.01 to 0.03) |
Lymphatic and hematopoietic tissue | 15 | 0.002 | 0.06 | (0.03 to 0.09) | 26 702.58 | 29 | 32 | 0.06 | (0.04 to 0.08) |
Cancer mortality | 51 | 0.005 | 0.19 | (0.14 to 0.25) | 26 318.92 | 28 | 32 | 0.21 | (0.17 to 0.25) |
All-cause mortality | 316 | 0.032 | 1.20 | (1.07 to 1.34) | 26 318.92 | 28 | 32 | 1.23 | (1.14 to 1.33) |
Insulin as third-line medication (n=7760) | |||||||||
Cancer | 336 | 0.043 | 1.21 | (1.09 to 1.35) | 27 700.75 | 39 | 43 | 0.97 | (0.90 to 1.05) |
Lip, oral cavity, and pharynx | 9 | 0.001 | 0.03 | (0.01 to 0.06) | 28 193.67 | 40 | 44 | 0.03 | (0.02 to 0.04) |
Digestive organs | 156 | 0.020 | 0.56 | (0.47 to 0.65) | 28 015.33 | 40 | 43 | 0.44 | (0.39 to 0.49) |
Esophagus, stomach, and small intestine | 15 | 0.002 | 0.05 | (0.03 to 0.09) | 28 186.83 | 40 | 44 | 0.04 | (0.03 to 0.06) |
Colorectum | 58 | 0.007 | 0.21 | (0.16 to 0.27) | 28 122.00 | 40 | 43 | 0.16 | (0.13 to 0.20) |
Colon | 39 | 0.005 | 0.14 | (0.10 to 0.19) | 28 162.25 | 40 | 44 | 0.12 | (0.09 to 0.15) |
Rectum/anus | 24 | 0.003 | 0.09 | (0.05 to 0.13) | 28 161.25 | 40 | 44 | 0.06 | (0.04 to 0.08) |
Liver | 37 | 0.005 | 0.13 | (0.09 to 0.18) | 28 150.25 | 40 | 44 | 0.10 | (0.07 to 0.12) |
Gallbladder and extrahepatic bile duct | 15 | 0.002 | 0.05 | (0.03 to 0.09) | 28 189.50 | 40 | 44 | 0.06 | (0.04 to 0.08) |
Pancreas | 34 | 0.004 | 0.12 | (0.08 to 0.17) | 28 190.25 | 40 | 44 | 0.09 | (0.07 to 0.11) |
Respiratory system | 40 | 0.005 | 0.14 | (0.10 to 0.19) | 28 170.83 | 40 | 44 | 0.12 | (0.09 to 0.15) |
Bone, skin, and soft tissue | 10 | 0.001 | 0.04 | (0.02 to 0.07) | 28 194.42 | 40 | 44 | 0.04 | (0.03 to 0.06) |
Breast and genital organs (for females only) | 48 | 0.014 | 0.38 | (0.28 to 0.50) | 12 734.17 | 42 | 44 | 0.30 | (0.24 to 0.37) |
Urinary organs | 18 | 0.002 | 0.06 | (0.04 to 0.10) | 28 160.75 | 40 | 44 | 0.04 | (0.03 to 0.06) |
Eye, brain, and central nervous system, endocrine glands | 7 | 0.001 | 0.02 | (0.01 to 0.05) | 28 192.67 | 40 | 44 | 0.02 | (0.01 to 0.04) |
Lymphatic and hematopoietic tissue | 27 | 0.003 | 0.10 | (0.06 to 0.14) | 28 174.75 | 40 | 44 | 0.08 | (0.06 to 0.10) |
Cancer mortality | 120 | 0.015 | 0.43 | (0.36 to 0.52) | 27 705.83 | 39 | 43 | 0.37 | (0.32 to 0.42) |
All-cause mortality | 1135 | 0.146 | 4.10 | (3.86 to 4.34) | 27 705.83 | 39 | 43 | 3.22 | (3.09 to 3.37) |
TZD as third-line medication (n=2860) | |||||||||
Cancer | 35 | 0.012 | 0.77 | (0.53 to 1.07) | 4558.17 | 14 | 19 | 1.27 | (1.16 to 1.38) |
Lip, oral cavity, and pharynx | 2 | 0.001 | 0.04 | (0.01 to 0.16) | 4616.58 | 14 | 19 | 0.05 | (0.03 to 0.08) |
Digestive organs | 16 | 0.006 | 0.35 | (0.20 to 0.57) | 4596.00 | 14 | 19 | 0.47 | (0.41 to 0.54) |
Esophagus, stomach, and small intestine | 0 | 0.000 | 0.00 | NA† | 4617.08 | 14 | 19 | 0.00 | NA† |
Colorectum | 10 | 0.003 | 0.22 | (0.10 to 0.40) | 4598.83 | 14 | 19 | 0.30 | (0.25 to 0.35) |
Colon | 8 | 0.003 | 0.17 | (0.08 to 0.34) | 4602.17 | 14 | 19 | 0.24 | (0.20 to 0.30) |
Rectum/anus | 5 | 0.002 | 0.11 | (0.04 to 0.25) | 4606.50 | 14 | 19 | 0.17 | (0.13 to 0.21) |
Liver | 2 | 0.001 | 0.04 | (0.01 to 0.16) | 4615.42 | 14 | 19 | 0.06 | (0.04 to 0.09) |
Gallbladder and extrahepatic bile duct | 3 | 0.001 | 0.06 | (0.01 to 0.19) | 4616.00 | 14 | 19 | 0.09 | (0.06 to 0.12) |
Pancreas | 1 | 0.000 | 0.02 | (0.00 to 0.12) | 4617.00 | 14 | 19 | 0.02 | (0.01 to 0.04) |
Respiratory system | 6 | 0.002 | 0.13 | (0.05 to 0.28) | 4605.33 | 14 | 19 | 0.29 | (0.24 to 0.34) |
Bone, skin, and soft tissue | 2 | 0.001 | 0.04 | (0.01 to 0.16) | 4615.17 | 14 | 19 | 0.04 | (0.02 to 0.06) |
Breast and genital organs (for females only) | 3 | 0.002 | 0.16 | (0.03 to 0.45) | 1934.17 | 14 | 18 | 0.19 | (0.13 to 0.26) |
Urinary organs | 3 | 0.001 | 0.07 | (0.01 to 0.19) | 4607.67 | 14 | 19 | 0.21 | (0.17 to 0.26) |
Eye, brain, and central nervous system, endocrine glands | 1 | 0.000 | 0.02 | (0.00 to 0.12) | 4616.17 | 14 | 19 | 0.04 | (0.03 to 0.07) |
Lymphatic and hematopoietic tissue | 1 | 0.000 | 0.02 | (0.00 to 0.12) | 4615.58 | 14 | 19 | 0.01 | (0.00 to 0.03) |
Cancer mortality | 8 | 0.003 | 0.18 | (0.08 to 0.35) | 4514.08 | 14 | 19 | 0.30 | (0.24 to 0.35) |
All-cause mortality | 38 | 0.013 | 0.84 | (0.60 to 1.16) | 4514.08 | 14 | 19 | 1.45 | (1.34 to 1.57) |
*The 95% CI was constructed based on Poisson distribution.
†Not available since no case for esophagus, stomach, and small intestine cancer with TZD as third-line medication.
DPP4i, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor; NA, not applicable due to no observations; TZD, thiazolidinediones.