Distribution of study covariates and hospital outcomes of patients with and without T2DM hospitalized with non-ventilator hospital-acquired pneumonia in Spain (2016–2017), after propensity score matching
| T2DM | No T2DM | P value | |
| Male sex, n (%) | 2515 (65.34) | 2485 (64.56) | 0.474 |
| Female sex, n (%) | 1334 (34.66) | 1364 (35.44) | |
| Age, mean (SD) | 76.14 (10.43) | 76.8 (12.05) | 0.010 |
| 40–64 years, n (%) | 550 (14.29) | 637 (16.55) | <0.001 |
| 65–74 years, n (%) | 950 (24.68) | 751 (19.51) | |
| ≥75 years, n (%) | 2349 (61.03) | 2461 (63.94) | |
| CCI, mean (SD) | 1.72 (1.13) | 1.67 (1.15) | 0.036 |
| Myocardial infarction, n (%) | 421 (10.94) | 402 (10.44) | 0.483 |
| Congestive heart failure, n (%) | 1247 (32.4) | 1224 (31.8) | 0.574 |
| Peripheral vascular disease, n (%) | 446 (11.59) | 420 (10.91) | 0.348 |
| Cerebrovascular disease, n (%) | 689 (17.9) | 681 (17.69) | 0.812 |
| Dementia, n (%) | 291 (7.56) | 297 (7.72) | 0.797 |
| COPD, n (%) | 965 (25.07) | 964 (25.05) | 0.979 |
| Rheumatoid disease, n (%) | 74 (1.92) | 65 (1.69) | 0.441 |
| Peptic ulcer, n (%) | 67 (1.74) | 74 (1.92) | 0.552 |
| Mild liver disease, n (%) | 200 (5.2) | 186 (4.83) | 0.465 |
| Hemiplegia or paraplegia, n (%) | 195 (5.07) | 169 (4.39) | 0.163 |
| Renal disease, n (%) | 1097 (28.5) | 1050 (27.28) | 0.232 |
| Cancer, n (%) | 530 (13.77) | 516 (13.41) | 0.641 |
| Moderate/severe liver disease, n (%) | 149 (3.87) | 156 (4.05) | 0.683 |
| Metastatic cancer, n (%) | 239 (6.21) | 200 (5.2) | 0.055 |
| AIDS, n (%) | 8 (0.21) | 5 (0.13) | 0.405 |
| Undergone surgery, n (%) | 1447 (37.59) | 1461 (37.96) | 0.742 |
| Axial CT of thorax, n (%) | 313 (8.13) | 313 (8.13) | 1.000 |
| Bronchial fibroscopy, n (%) | 49 (1.27) | 40 (1.04) | 0.370 |
| Dialysis, n (%) | 214 (5.56) | 199 (5.17) | 0.448 |
| Pressure ulcer, n (%) | 247 (6.42) | 194 (5.04) | 0.009 |
| LOHS, mean (SD) | 27.54 (22.12) | 28.18 (23.79) | 0.394 |
| IHM, n (%) | 1117 (29.02) | 1145 (29.75) | 0.484 |
CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IHM, in-hospital mortality; LOHS, length of hospital stay; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.