Anthropometric and demographic data and biochemical parameters of the control group, children with type 1 diabetes, and children with obesity
| Control group n=46 | Children with type 1 diabetes n=49 | Children with obesity n=40 | ANOVA | ||
| P value | Post hoc | ||||
| Age (years) | 12.46 (11.38–13.54) | 12.66 (11.57–13.74) | 13.01 (11.79–14.24) | NS | |
| Male/female (%) | 56/44 | 57/43 | 45/55 | NS | |
| Tanner stage (n) | Distribution by age group <10 years: 11 (2 males/9 females) 10–13 years: 13 (9 males/4 females) >13 years: 22 (15 males/7 females) | Distribution by Tanner stage Tanner I: 13 (3 males/10 females) Tanner II: 9 (9 females) Tanner III: 1 (1 female) Tanner IV: 4 (4 males) Tanner V: 22 (13 males/9 females) | Distribution by Tanner stage Tanner I: 11 (8 males/3 females) Tanner II: 9 (6 males/3 females) Tanner III: 2 (1 male/1 female) Tanner IV: 4 (1 male/3 females) Tanner V: 14 (3 males/11 females) | NS (between children with type 1 diabetes and with obesity) | |
| BMI (Z-score) | −0.25 (−0.42/−0.09) | 0.05 (−0.27 to 0.36) | 4.87 (4.44–5.35) | <0.001 | 1–3*** 2–3*** |
| Waist circumference (Z-score) | 0.29 (0.08–0.61) | 0.44 (0.05–0.83) | 5.99 (5.32–6.81) | <0.001 | 1–3*** 2–3*** |
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 158.5 (152.58–164.51) | 160.1 (154.02–166.25) | 148.7 (139.65–157.80) | NS | |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 48.1 (44.56–51.67) | 58.1 (54.80–61.48) | 43.0 (40.23–45.87) | <0.001 | 1–2*** 2–3*** 1–3* |
| Non-HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 110.4 (105.5–115.4) | 97.8 (89.6–106.1) | 104.3 (95.8–112.8) | <0.05 | 1–2* 2–3* |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 95.6 (90.59–100.62) | 89.4 (83.89–95.02) | 89.2 (80.90–97.45) | NS | |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 74.09 (68.60–79.57) | 61.57 (54.63–71.14) | 95.28 (81.14–109.41) | <0.001 | 1–2* 1–3* 2–3*** |
*P<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001
ANOVA, analysis of variance; BMI, body mass index; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; NS, not significant.