Patient baseline characteristics by type of immune-mediated inflammatory disease
| All immune-mediated diseases | Polymyalgia rheumatica or giant cell arteritis | Inflammatory bowel disease | Rheumatoid arthritis | Systemic lupus erythematosus | Vasculitis | |
| n=100 722 | n=32 593 | n=29 272 | n=28 365 | n=4410 | n=6082 | |
| Follow-up time in years, median (IQR) | 4.9 (2.1–6.0) | 4.4 (1.9–5.4) | 5.1 (2.1–6.4) | 5.3 (2.3–6.4) | 5.3 (2.1–6.4) | 4.3 (1.8–5.4) |
| Total | 668 601 | 204 172 | 199 180 | 198 199 | 30 173 | 36 986 |
| Since first recorded immune-mediated disease diagnosis | 8.0 (4.0, 13.0) | 6.0 (3.0, 10.0) | 9.0 (4.0, 16.0) | 9.0 (4.0, 15.0) | 9.0 (4.0, 15.0) | 6.0 (3.0, 11.0) |
| Sociodemographic information | ||||||
| Age in years, mean (SD) | 58.6 (18.7) | 72.9 (10.8) | 45.4 (17.3) | 58.9 (15.5) | 47.9 (15.6) | 52.8 (19.1) |
| Women, n (%) | 65 469 (65.0) | 22 699 (69.6) | 15 376 (52.5) | 20 232 (71.3) | 3709 (84.1) | 3453 (56.8) |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | ||||||
| White | 88 040 (87.4) | 29 030 (89.1) | 26 019 (88.9) | 24 475 (86.3) | 3369 (76.4) | 5147 (84.6) |
| Asian | 2595 (2.6) | 342 (1.0) | 986 (3.4) | 788 (2.8) | 283 (6.4) | 196 (3.2) |
| Black | 1012 (1.0) | 124 (0.4) | 240 (0.8) | 332 (1.2) | 249 (5.6) | 67 (1.1) |
| Other | 1138 (1.1) | 193 (0.6) | 434 (1.5) | 310 (1.1) | 133 (3.0) | 68 (1.1) |
| Index of multiple deprivation, n (%) | ||||||
| 1st (least deprived) | 18 061 (17.9) | 6357 (19.5) | 5349 (18.3) | 4483 (15.8) | 725 (16.4) | 1147 (18.9) |
| 5th (most deprived) | 16 513 (16.4) | 4195 (12.9) | 4869 (16.6) | 5558 (19.6) | 885 (20.1) | 1006 (16.5) |
| Biomarkers, mean (SD) | ||||||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.5 (5.6) | 26.9 (5.3) | 25.5 (5.4) | 27.1 (5.9) | 26.2 (5.6) | 27.4 (6.3) |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 25.3 (38.9) | 33.6 (43.4) | 19.3 (38.5) | 20.2 (31.0) | 7.6 (13.0) | 20.7 (39.3) |
| Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (mm/hour) | 32.1 (27.4) | 40.1 (29.1) | 20.3 (20.9) | 28.5 (24.7) | 22.3 (22.5) | 22.5 (24.4) |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.1 (1.2) | 5.1 (1.2) | 5.0 (1.1) | 5.2 (1.1) | 5.1 (1.2) | 5.1 (1.2) |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.0 (1.0) | 3.0 (1.0) | 3.0 (1.0) | 3.1 (1.0) | 3.2 (1.0) | 3.0 (1.0) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 134 (19.4) | 140 (18.4) | 127 (17.9) | 134 (19.1) | 127 (18.6) | 133 (19.2) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 78 (10.3) | 78 (10.1) | 76 (10.2) | 79 (10.4) | 77 (10.5) | 78 (10.6) |
| Family history of diabetes | 7996 (7.9) | 1887 (5.8) | 2691 (9.2) | 2399 (8.5) | 484 (11.0) | 535 (8.8) |
| Smoking status, n (%) | ||||||
| Non-smoker | 37 324 (37.1) | 14 188 (43.5) | 9791 (33.4) | 9674 (34.1) | 1331 (30.2) | 2340 (38.5) |
| Ex-smoker | 14 473 (14.4) | 6432 (19.7) | 3461 (11.8) | 3493 (12.3) | 305 (6.9) | 782 (12.9) |
| Current smoker | 24 099 (23.9) | 6577 (20.2) | 6981 (23.8) | 8003 (28.2) | 1119 (25.4) | 1419 (23.3) |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||||
| Hypertension | 29 506 (29.3) | 15 137 (46.4) | 4046 (13.8) | 7560 (26.7) | 948 (21.5) | 1815 (29.8) |
| Cardiovascular disease | 19 198 (19.1) | 9628 (29.5) | 2795 (9.5) | 4827 (17.0) | 668 (15.1) | 1280 (21.0) |
| Asthma | 15 226 (15.1) | 4909 (15.1) | 4574 (15.6) | 4104 (14.5) | 569 (12.9) | 1070 (17.6) |
| Chronic obstructive inflammatory disease | 4723 (4.7) | 2215 (6.8) | 745 (2.5) | 1465 (5.2) | 83 (1.9) | 215 (3.5) |
| Cancer | 6581 (6.5) | 3169 (9.7) | 1180 (4.0) | 1626 (5.7) | 192 (4.4) | 414 (6.8) |
| Renal disease | 2887 (2.9) | 1548 (4.7) | 366 (1.3) | 652 (2.3) | 92 (2.1) | 229 (3.8) |
| Prescribed medication in last year, n (%) | ||||||
| Blood pressure-lowering medication | 33 198 (33.0) | 16 807 (51.6) | 4789 (16.4) | 8565 (30.2) | 1069 (24.2) | 1968 (32.4) |
| Statins | 13 371 (13.3) | 7247 (22.2) | 1771 (6.1) | 3098 (10.9) | 430 (9.8) | 825 (13.6) |
| Oral, intramuscular or intra-articular glucocorticoids | 17 240 (17.1) | 6737 (20.7) | 4318 (14.8) | 4767 (16.8) | 767 (17.4) | 651 (10.7) |
| Inhaled or nasal glucocorticoids | 10 270 (10.7) | 3875 (12.6) | 2421 (8.6) | 2973 (10.9) | 306 (7.2) | 694 (12.0) |
| Rectal glucocorticoids | 6159 (6.4) | 691 (2.2) | 4726 (16.7) | 543 (2.0) | 72 (1.7) | 127 (2.2) |
| Topical glucocorticoids | 2464 (2.6) | 827 (2.7) | 666 (2.4) | 611 (2.2) | 149 (3.5) | 210 (3.6) |
| Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | 46 680 (48.4) | 18 024 (58.4) | 5953 (21.1) | 19 219 (70.5) | 1558 (36.9) | 1923 (33.1) |
| DMARDs ever during follow-up | 19 723 (20.5) | 1171 (3.8) | 4131 (14.6) | 12 726 (46.7) | 1364 (32.3) | 329 (5.7) |
Percentage of patients with missing ethnicity, body mass index, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, and smoking status was 7.9%, 61.0%, 68.8%, 57.9%, 73.6%, 83.9%, 47.7%, 36.6%, and 24.6%, respectively.
DMARD, disease-modifying antirheumatic drug; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.