Patient-reported cravings for specific food categories/tastes*
| Response categories | SSD n=32 | DSNS Bkfst/AS n=24 | DSNS Bkfst/PBS n=25 | Total n=81 |
| Starchy meals/sides, n (%) | ||||
| Preintervention | 8 (25.0) | 8 (33.3) | 12 (48.0) | 28 (34.6) |
| Postintervention | 9 (28.1) | 4 (16.6)† | 9 (32.0) | 22 (27.1) |
| Salty snacks, n (%) | ||||
| Preintervention | 12 (37.5) | 3 (12.5) | 6 (24.0) | 21 (25.9) |
| Postintervention | 8 (25.0)‡ | 5 (20.8) | 7 (28.0) | 20 (24.7) |
| Chocolate/candy, n (%) | ||||
| Preintervention | 9 (28.2) | 4 (16.7) | 3 (12.0) | 16 (19.7) |
| Postintervention | 8 (25.0) | 2 (8.3) | 2 (8.0) | 12 (14.8) |
| Ice cream, n (%) | ||||
| Preintervention | 5 (15.6) | 3 (12.5) | 4 (16.0) | 12 (14.8) |
| Postintervention | 4 (12.5) | 2 (8.3) | 3 (12.0) | 9 (11.1) |
| Baked goods, n (%) | ||||
| Preintervention | 4 (12.5) | 3 (12.5) | 3 (12.0) | 10 (12.3) |
| Postintervention | 4 (9.4) | 5 (20.8) | 2 (8.0) | 11 (13.6) |
*Preintervention versus postintervention was analyzed by paired t-test or signed-rank test if a variable was declared non-normal by Shapiro-Wilk test (p<0.001). Between-group comparisons used analysis of covariance. The significance level was adjusted for multiple comparisons of Treatment Group groups using Tukey-Kramer p value adjustments.
†Significantly different, p<0.05, preintervention versus postintervention.
‡Different p≥0.05 and p<0.2, preintervention versus postintervention.
Bkfst/AS, breakfast/afternoon snack; Bkfst/PBS, breakfast/prebed snack; DSNS, diabetes-specific nutritional shake; SSD, self-selected diet.