Variable | T1D intervention | T1D control | T1D all | Historical controls |
N | 20 | 21 | 41 | 40 |
Blood pressure (BP) | ||||
Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 114 (10) | 115 (10) | 115 (10) | NA |
Systolic BP z-score | 0.17 (0.93) | 0.32 (0.89) | 0.25 (0.90) | |
Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 59 (4) | 57 (7) | 58 (6) | |
Diastolic BP z-score | −0.50 (0.39) | −0.72 (0.61) | −0.61 (0.52)*** | |
Pulse wave velocity (PWV) | ||||
Carotid-femoral PWV (m/s) | 5.7 (0.9) | 5.4 (0.8) | 5.6 (0.8)*** | 4.0 (0.8) |
Carotid-radial PWV (m/s) | 7.4 (1.4) | 7.2 (0.8) | 7.3 (1.2)*** | 6.3 (1.1) |
Common carotid artery | ||||
Intima-media thickness (mm) | 0.41 (0.05) | 0.41 (0.04) | 0.41 (0.04) | 0.42 (0.06) |
Lumen diameter (mm) | 5.23 (0.38) | 5.09 (0.37) | 5.16 (0.38)* | 5.39 (0.46) |
Compliance (%/10 mm Hg) | 2.38 (0.49) | 2.51 (0.38) | 2.45 (0.43)*** | 3.30 (0.76) |
Stiffness (no unit) | 4.58 (1.02) | 4.24 (0.70) | 4.40 (0.87) | 4.21 (1.09) |
Radial artery | ||||
Intima-media thickness (mm) | 0.14 (0.02) | 0.14 (0.03) | 0.14 (0.02) | 0.14 (0.02) |
Intima-media-adventitia thickness (mm) | 0.21 (0.03) | 0.21 (0.04) | 0.21 (0.03) | 0.22 (0.03) |
Lumen diameter (mm) | 1.76 (0.31) | 1.64 (0.23) | 1.70 (0.28) | 1.78 (0.30) |
Brachial artery | ||||
Intima-media thickness (mm) | 0.14 (0.02) | 0.14 (0.02) | 0.14 (0.02) | 0.13 (0.02) |
Intima-media-adventitia thickness (mm) | 0.25 (0.04) | 0.26 (0.05) | 0.26 (0.04) | 0.24 (0.04) |
Lumen diameter (mm) | 2.98 (0.47) | 3.00 (0.32) | 2.99 (0.39) | 2.98 (0.54) |
Femoral artery | ||||
Intima-media thickness (mm) | 0.24 (0.04) | 0.26 (0.06) | 0.25 (0.05) | 0.26 (0.05) |
Intima-media-adventitia thickness (mm) | 0.46 (0.07) | 0.50 (0.08) | 0.48 (0.08) | 0.49 (0.08) |
Lumen diameter (mm) | 6.23 (0.68) | 6.26 (0.74) | 6.24 (0.70) | 6.69 (1.13) |
Data are presented as mean (SD) or as count.
*P<0.05, ***p<0.001 between T1D all and historical controls, other comparisons between historical controls and T1D all as well as between T1D intervention vs T1D control were statistically non-significant (p>0.05).
NA, not assessed; T1D, type 1 diabetes.