Adjusted OR (95% CI) for the associations of GDM risk with quartiles of adipokines at gestational weeks 10–14 and 15–26
| GDM cases (n) | Controls (n) | 10–14 GWs multivariable | 15–26 GWs multivariable | |||
| Model I | Model II* | Model I | Model II * | |||
| FABP4 | ||||||
| Q1: | 11 | 54 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2: | 27 | 53 | 2.38 (1.05 to 5.43) | 2.97 (1.17 to 7.53) | 5.99 (1.88 to 19.1) | 5.10 (1.37 to 19.0) |
| Q3: | 31 | 54 | 3.14 (1.36 to 7.22) | 3.74 (1.46 to 9.57) | 7.42 (2.39 to 23.0) | 8.35 (2.28 to 30.6) |
| Q4: | 35 | 53 | 3.79 (1.63 to 8.85) | 4.87 (1.84 to 12.9) | 11.8 (3.57 to 38.9) | 11.0 (2.85 to 42.7) |
| P for trend | 0.005 | <0.0001 | 0.004 | 0.001 | ||
| Chemerin | ||||||
| Q1: | 9 | 53 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2: | 33 | 53 | 3.81 (1.56 to 9.29) | 3.62 (1.47 to 8.91) | 1.59 (0.63 to 4.02) | 1.26 (0.48 to 3.33) |
| Q3: | 22 | 53 | 2.95 (1.14 to 7.59) | 2.81 (1.07 to 7.36) | 2.01 (0.77 to 5.21) | 1.63 (0.59 to 4.53) |
| Q4: | 39 | 53 | 5.44 (2.05 to 14.4) | 4.89 (1.83 to 13.1) | 4.90 (1.97 to 12.2) | 4.92 (1.88 to 12.9) |
| P for trend | 0.003 | <0.0001 | 0.007 | <0.0001 | ||
| IL-6 | ||||||
| Q1: | 6 | 41 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2: | 16 | 40 | 3.26 (1.06 to 10.0) | 3.74 (1.17 to 12.0) | 1.62 (0.61 to 4.32) | 1.75 (0.58 to 5.28) |
| Q3: | 23 | 41 | 4.01 (1.40 to 11.5) | 3.77 (1.31 to 10.9) | 2.34 (0.89 to 6.13) | 2.40 (0.81 to 7.08) |
| Q4: | 35 | 40 | 7.53 (2.53 to 22.4) | 9.44 (2.92 to 30.5) | 3.31 (1.33 to 8.24) | 3.44 (1.28 to 9.28) |
| P for trend | <0.0001 | 0.007 | <0.001 | 0.01 | ||
| Leptin | ||||||
| Q1: | 18 | 54 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2: | 10 | 53 | 0.65 (0.27 to 1.55) | 0.60 (0.24 to 1.49) | 0.83 (0.36 to 1.90) | 0.85 (0.36 to 2.00) |
| Q3: | 28 | 54 | 2.01 (0.90 to 4.49) | 1.86 (0.80 to 4.31) | 1.54 (0.67 to 3.56) | 1.44 (0.59 to 3.50) |
| Q4: | 48 | 53 | 3.56 (1.66 to 7.64) | 3.39 (1.52 to 7.55) | 3.13 (1.43 to 6.88) | 3.45 (1.43 to 8.32) |
| P for trend | <0.0001 | 0.001 | <0.0001 | 0.001 | ||
| sOB-R | ||||||
| Q1: | 56 | 54 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2: | 21 | 53 | 0.43 (0.22 to 0.81) | 0.37 (0.19 to 0.74) | 0.25 (0.12 to 0.55) | 0.20 (0.09 to 0.48) |
| Q3: | 14 | 54 | 0.31 (0.16 to 0.63) | 0.28 (0.13 to 0.59) | 0.17 (0.07 to 0.40) | 0.11 (0.04 to 0.31) |
| Q4: | 13 | 53 | 0.23 (0.11 to 0.50) | 0.24 (0.11 to 0.52) | 0.15 (0.06 to 0.35) | 0.14 (0.06 to 0.33) |
| P for trend | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||
| Adiponectin | ||||||
| Q1: | 43 | 54 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2: | 29 | 53 | 0.59 (0.31 to 1.14) | 0.63 (0.32 to 1.25) | 0.47 (0.24 to 0.92) | 0.52 (0.25 to 1.07) |
| Q3: | 24 | 54 | 0.51 (0.25 to 1.03) | 0.45 (0.22 to 0.95) | 0.26 (0.12 to 0.57) | 0.26 (0.11 to 0.59) |
| Q4: | 8 | 53 | 0.14 (0.05 to 0.34) | 0.13 (0.05 to 0.35) | 0.17 (0.07 to 0.42) | 0.15 (0.06 to 0.40) |
| P for trend | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||
| HMW-adiponectin | ||||||
| Q1: | 45 | 54 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2: | 30 | 53 | 0.59 (0.31 to 1.12) | 0.56 (0.28 to 1.08) | 0.59 (0.30 to 1.17) | 0.71 (0.34 to 1.51) |
| Q3: | 18 | 54 | 0.34 (0.16 to 0.70) | 0.31 (0.14 to 0.66) | 0.26 (0.12 to 0.55) | 0.25 (0.11 to 0.58) |
| Q4: | 11 | 53 | 0.20 (0.09 to 0.46) | 0.20 (0.08 to 0.48) | 0.20 (0.08 to 0.48) | 0.20 (0.08 to 0.50) |
| P for trend | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||
| Omentin-1 | ||||||
| Q1: | 24 | 54 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2: | 37 | 53 | 1.63 (0.79 to 3.35) | 1.69 (0.80 to 3.58) | 1.25 (0.63 to 2.45) | 1.39 (0.69 to 2.79) |
| Q3: | 19 | 54 | 0.71 (0.32 to 1.57) | 0.77 (0.33 to 1.79) | 0.71 (0.33 to 1.53) | 0.89 (0.40 to 2.01) |
| Q4: | 24 | 53 | 1.00 (0.44 to 2.25) | 0.95 (0.40 to 2.26) | 0.80 (0.36 to 1.77) | 0.80 (0.35 to 1.87) |
| P for trend | 0.47 | 0.37 | 0.44 | 0.44 | ||
| Vaspin | ||||||
| Q1: | 19 | 52 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2: | 22 | 52 | 1.25 (0.58 to 2.71) | 1.66 (0.72 to 3.81) | 1.26 (0.59 to 2.67) | 1.17 (0.52 to 2.62) |
| Q3: | 39 | 52 | 2.13 (1.04 to 4.37) | 2.37 (1.09 to 5.16) | 1.49 (0.73 to 3.05) | 1.67 (0.78 to 3.55) |
| Q4: | 22 | 51 | 1.21 (0.58 to 2.52) | 1.50 (0.70 to 3.22) | 1.63 (0.78 to 3.39) | 1.92 (0.87 to 4.26) |
| P for trend | 0.96 | 0.23 | 0.71 | 0.09 | ||
| RBP4 | ||||||
| Q1: | 22 | 54 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2: | 27 | 53 | 1.27 (0.64 to 2.55) | 1.31 (0.63 to 2.69) | 1.09 (0.54 to 2.22) | 1.29 (0.60 to 2.79) |
| Q3: | 22 | 54 | 1.00 (0.48 to 2.10) | 1.13 (0.52 to 2.45) | 1.14 (0.55 to 2.36) | 1.28 (0.58 to 2.83) |
| Q4: | 33 | 53 | 1.54 (0.78 to 3.03) | 1.69 (0.83 to 3.45) | 0.85 (0.40 to 1.80) | 0.99 (0.44 to 2.28) |
| P for trend | 0.28 | 0.65 | 0.18 | 0.91 | ||
Model I adjusted for matching factors matched within a range (maternal age and gestational week of blood collection).
*Model II further adjusted for parity, family history of diabetes, and parity.
FABP4, fatty acid binding protein-4; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; GW, gestational week; HMW-adiponectin, high-molecular weight-adiponectin; IL-6, interleukin-6; Q, quartile; RBP4, retinol binding protein-4; sOB-R, soluble leptin receptor.