Table 1

General characteristics of the study participants according to incidence of anemia

Variables	Total	Anemia				P value
		Yes		No
		n	%	n	%
Total	32 590	3104	9.5	29 486	90.5
Women	12 040	1731	55.8	10 309	35.0	<0.001
Age (years)						<0.001
40–64	24 635	1771	57.1	22 864	77.5
≥65	7955	1333	42.9	6622	22.5
BMI (kg/m²)						<0.001
≤18.5	609	177	5.7	432	1.5
18.5–23	8985	1278	41.2	7707	26.1
23–25	8645	719	23.2	7926	26.9
25–30	12 769	840	27.1	11 929	40.5
≥30	1582	90	2.9	1492	5.1
BP (mm Hg)
Systolic	130.8±17.1	127.7	17.8	131.1	17.0	<0.001
Diastolic	81.0±11.0	77.6	11.1	81.4	10.9	<0.001
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)	132.6±46.3	129.4	49.2	132.9	46.0	<0.001
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	202.5±40.7	190.2	41.5	203.8	40.4	<0.001
Current smokers	7297	469	15.1	6828	23.2	<0.001
Heavy drinkers	2007	128	4.1	1879	6.4	<0.001
Exercisers	15 177	1208	38.9	13 969	47.4	<0.001
Household income						<0.001
Low	10 155	1184	38.1	8971	30.4
Middle	12 461	1070	34.5	11 391	38.6
High	9974	850	27.4	9124	30.9
Residential area						<0.001
Metropolitan	4825	383	12.3	4442	15.1
Urban	8962	843	27.2	8119	27.5
Rural	18 803	1878	60.5	16 925	57.4
Comorbidities
Hypertension	15 048	1527	49.2	13 521	45.9	<0.001
Dyslipidemia	11 666	1141	36.8	10 525	35.7	0.240
CKD	245	56	1.8	189	0.6	<0.001
Ischemic heart disease	5339	625	20.1	4714	16.0	<0.001
Stroke	1725	240	7.7	1485	5.0	<0.001
Depressive disorders	2990	395	12.7	2595	8.8	<0.001
Cancer	2522	397	12.8	2125	7.2	<0.001

Values are presented as mean±SD or n (%).
BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CKD, chronic kidney disease.