Total | NGT | IGT | DM | |
n | 60 | 21 | 15 | 24 |
Male/female | 33/28 | 10/11 | 7/8 | 16/8 |
Age (years) | 60.1±15.1 | 52.4±16.7 | 54.8±14.4 | 69.9±6.9**† |
BMI (kg/m2) | 21.8±3.3 | 21.1±2.6 | 22.0±3.9 | 22.4±3.5 |
HbA1c (%, mmol/mol) | 5.9±1.0, 41±10 | 5.2±0.5, 33±5 | 5.8±0.4,** 39±4 | 6.7±0.9,**† 49±10 |
FPG (mmol/L) | 5.6±1.1 (n=56) | 5.2±0.5 (n=20) | 5.2±0.3 (n=14) | 6.3±1.3**‡ (n=22) |
F-CPR (nmol/L) | 0.4±0.2 (n=36) | 0.52±0.2 (n=14) | 0.59±0.1 (n=7) | 0.40±0.2 (n=15) |
CPI (nmol/mmol) | 0.09±0.04 (n=36) | 0.10±0.02 (n=14) | 0.1±0.02 (n=7) | 0.07±0.04* (n=15) |
II (pmol/mmol) | 84.1±60.9 (n=28) | 103.2±68.4 (n=13) | 111.7±32.9 (n=7) | 29.1±21.7*† (n=8) |
HOMA-IR | 1.5±0.8 (n=38) | 1.4±0.7 (n=16) | 1.7±0.9 (n=10) | 1.4±0.8 (n=12) |
AUCglucose (min·mmol/L) | 17.4±4.3 (n=29) | 15.0±3.0 (n=14) | 16.1±2.3 (n=7) | 22.9±2.6**† (n=8) |
CRP (mg/L) | 0.8±2.4 | 0.4±0.4 | 0.4±0.9 | 1.5±3.6 |
Total amylase, IU/L | 99.1±73.2 (n=59) | 96.4±61.2 (n=21) | 89.7±107.6 (n=15) | 107.6±94.9 (n=23) |
Fat-cell area, % | 3.4±8.1 | 2.5±3.8 | 6.6±15.2 | 2.2±2.6 |
Medication for diabetes | – | – | None: 11 SU: 4, αGI: 2, DPP-4I: 3, Metformin: 3, SGLT-2I: 1, Insulin: 6 | |
Underlying disease | Pancreatic cancer: 19 IPMN: 18 Serous cystic adenoma: 3 Mucinous cystic adenoma: 2 Solid pseudo-papillary neoplasm: 6 Bile duct cancer: 2 Carcinoma of the papilla of Vater: 3 pNET: 3 Simple cyst: 1 Pseudocyst of pancreas: 1 Adenocarcinoma of the duodenum: 1 Pancreatic metastasis from renal cell carcinoma: 1 | Pancreatic cancer: 4 IPMN: 5 Serous cystic adenoma: 1 Solid pseudo-papillary neoplasm: 5 Bile duct cancer: 1 Carcinoma of the papilla of Vater: 2 pNET: 1 Simple cyst: 1 Pseudocyst of pancreas: 1 | Pancreatic cancer: 6 IPMN: 3 Serous cystic adenoma: 1 Mucinous cystic adenoma: 2 Solid pseudo-papillary neoplasm: 1 pNET: 1 Adenocarcinoma of the duodenum: 1 | Pancreatic cancer: 9 IPMN: 10 Serous cystic adenoma: 1 Bile duct cancer: 1 Carcinoma of the papilla of Vater: 1 pNET: 1 Pancreatic metastasis from renal cell carcinoma: 1 |
Values are mean±SD. Statistical analyses were performed by one-way analysis of variance followed by post hoc Tukey-Kramer analysis.
CPI is the fasting C-peptide/FPG.
II is ΔIRI[IRI 30 min-IRI 0 min]/ΔPG[PG 30 min-PG 0 min].
*P<0.05 versus NGT, **P<0.01 versus NGT, †P<0.01 versus IGT, ‡P<0.05 versus IGT.
AUCglucose, area under the glucose concentration curve using the trapezoid method; BMI, body mass index; CPI, C-peptide index; CRP, C reactive protein; DM, diabetes mellitus; DPP-4I, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor; F-CPR, fasting C-peptide immunoreactivity; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; αGI, α-glucosidase inhibitor; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; IGT, impaired glucose tolerance; IPMN, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm; NGT, normal glucose tolerance; pNET, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor; SGLT-2I, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor; SU, sulfonylurea.