Table 1

Clinical characteristic of subjects

TotalNGTIGTDM
n60211524
Male/female33/2810/117/816/8
Age (years)60.1±15.152.4±16.754.8±14.469.9±6.9**†
BMI (kg/m2)21.8±3.321.1±2.622.0±3.922.4±3.5
HbA1c
(%, mmol/mol)
5.9±1.0, 41±105.2±0.5, 33±55.8±0.4,** 39±46.7±0.9,**† 49±10
FPG (mmol/L)5.6±1.1 (n=56)5.2±0.5 (n=20)5.2±0.3 (n=14)6.3±1.3**‡ (n=22)
F-CPR (nmol/L)0.4±0.2 (n=36)0.52±0.2 (n=14)0.59±0.1 (n=7)0.40±0.2 (n=15)
CPI (nmol/mmol)0.09±0.04 (n=36)0.10±0.02 (n=14)0.1±0.02 (n=7)0.07±0.04* (n=15)
II (pmol/mmol)84.1±60.9 (n=28)103.2±68.4 (n=13)111.7±32.9 (n=7)29.1±21.7*† (n=8)
HOMA-IR1.5±0.8 (n=38)1.4±0.7 (n=16)1.7±0.9 (n=10)1.4±0.8 (n=12)
AUCglucose (min·mmol/L)17.4±4.3 (n=29)15.0±3.0 (n=14)16.1±2.3 (n=7)22.9±2.6**† (n=8)
CRP (mg/L)0.8±2.40.4±0.40.4±0.91.5±3.6
Total amylase, IU/L99.1±73.2 (n=59)96.4±61.2 (n=21)89.7±107.6 (n=15)107.6±94.9 (n=23)
Fat-cell area, %3.4±8.12.5±3.86.6±15.22.2±2.6
Medication for diabetesNone: 11
SU: 4, αGI: 2, DPP-4I: 3, Metformin: 3, SGLT-2I: 1,
Insulin: 6
Underlying diseasePancreatic cancer: 19
IPMN: 18
Serous cystic adenoma: 3
Mucinous cystic adenoma: 2
Solid pseudo-papillary neoplasm: 6
Bile duct cancer: 2
Carcinoma of the papilla of Vater: 3
pNET: 3
Simple cyst: 1
Pseudocyst of pancreas: 1
Adenocarcinoma of the duodenum: 1
Pancreatic metastasis from renal cell carcinoma: 1
Pancreatic cancer: 4
IPMN: 5
Serous cystic adenoma: 1
Solid pseudo-papillary neoplasm: 5
Bile duct cancer: 1
Carcinoma of the papilla of Vater: 2
pNET: 1
Simple cyst: 1
Pseudocyst of pancreas: 1
Pancreatic cancer: 6
IPMN: 3
Serous cystic adenoma: 1
Mucinous cystic adenoma: 2
Solid pseudo-papillary neoplasm: 1
pNET: 1
Adenocarcinoma of the duodenum: 1
Pancreatic cancer: 9
IPMN: 10
Serous cystic adenoma: 1
Bile duct cancer: 1
Carcinoma of the papilla of Vater: 1
pNET: 1
Pancreatic metastasis from renal cell carcinoma: 1
  • Values are mean±SD. Statistical analyses were performed by one-way analysis of variance followed by post hoc Tukey-Kramer analysis.

  • CPI is the fasting C-peptide/FPG.

  • II is ΔIRI[IRI 30 min-IRI 0 min]/ΔPG[PG 30 min-PG 0 min].

  • *P<0.05 versus NGT, **P<0.01 versus NGT, †P<0.01 versus IGT, ‡P<0.05 versus IGT.

  • AUCglucose, area under the glucose concentration curve using the trapezoid method; BMI, body mass index; CPI, C-peptide index; CRP, C reactive protein; DM, diabetes mellitus; DPP-4I, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor; F-CPR, fasting C-peptide immunoreactivity; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; αGI, α-glucosidase inhibitor; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; IGT, impaired glucose tolerance; IPMN, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm; NGT, normal glucose tolerance; pNET, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor; SGLT-2I, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor; SU, sulfonylurea.