Baseline characteristics of 8954 white study participants by quintiles of mtDNA-CN, Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study, 1987–1998
| Mitochondrial DNA copy number quintiles | ||||||
| Overall | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | |
| N | 8954 | 1791 | 1791 | 1790 | 1791 | 1791 |
| mtDNA-CN | 0 (1.0) | −1.44 (0.72) | −0.44 (0.16) | 0.06 (0.13) | 0.53 (0.14) | 1.30 (0.45) |
| Age, years | 57.6 (5.9) | 57.7 (6.0) | 57.5 (6.0) | 57.6 (6.0) | 57.5 (5.9) | 57.6 (5.8) |
| Female | 53% (4766) | 54% (960) | 54% (968) | 52% (939) | 53% (958) | 52% (941) |
| Center | ||||||
| Forsyth County, North Carolina | 30% (2733) | 31% (556) | 31% (549) | 30% (534) | 29% (525) | 32% (569) |
| Jackson, Mississippi | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Minneapolis, Minnesota | 37% (3316) | 36% (644) | 37% (667) | 39% (706) | 39% (692) | 34% (607) |
| Washington County, Maryland | 33% (2916) | 33% (593) | 32% (577) | 31% (553) | 32% (576) | 34% (617 |
| Hypertension | 30% (2728) | 33% (597) | 31% (552) | 30% (536) | 29% (512) | 30% (531) |
| Cardiovascular disease | 9% (816) | 12% (217) | 9% (9160) | 9% (159) | 7% (131) | 8% (149) |
| Parental history of diabetes | 18% (1651) | 19% (336) | 19% (333) | 17% (307) | 17% (302) | 21% (373) |
| Diabetes | 10% (855) | 13% (237) | 10% (185) | 9% (165) | 7% (133) | 8% (135) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27 (5.0) | 28 (5.2) | 27 (5.0) | 28 (5.0) | 27 (4.9) | 28 (5.2) |
| High-risk waist-to-hip ratio | ||||||
| Males (>0.90) | 91% (3839) | 93% (775) | 93% (767) | 90% (767) | 91% (760) | 90% (770) |
| Females (>0.85) | 68% (3242) | 68% (652) | 66% (640) | 72% (672) | 65% (622) | 70% (656) |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | ||||||
| Male | 42 (12.9) | 40 (12.2) | 42 (13.4) | 42 (12.1) | 43 (13.5) | 42.5 (13.2) |
| Female | 56 (17.2) | 54 (17.2) | 56 (16.7) | 56 (17.4) | 57 (17.0) | 56 (17.8) |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 210 (39.1) | 209 (41.2) | 209 (39.0) | 210 (37.6) | 209 (37.5) | 211 (39.9) |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 132 (36.1) | 132 (37.3) | 131 (35.8) | 132 (35.1) | 132 (35.6) | 134 (36.7) |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 143 (94.7) | 140 (115.4) | 142 (90.2) | 142 (83.5) | 137 (86.1) | 142 (94.6) |
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Never | 37% (3318) | 35% (636) | 39% (695) | 37% (655) | 37% (659) | 38% (673) |
| Former | 41% (3674) | 39% (708) | 39% (696) | 42% (745) | 43% (770) | 42% (755) |
| Current | 22% (1969) | 25% (449) | 22% (502) | 22% (392) | 20% (363) | 20% (363) |
| Alcohol drinker | ||||||
| Never | 18% (1606) | 20% (363) | 18% (322) | 17% (310) | 16% (286) | 18% (325) |
| Former | 18% (1650) | 20% (367) | 17% (305) | 20% (352) | 17% (296) | 18% (330) |
| Current | 64% (5704) | 59% (1063) | 65% (1166) | 63% (1130) | 67% (1210) | 63% (1135) |
| Hemoglobin A1C, % | 5.6 (0.9) | 5.7 (1.1) | 5.6 (1.0) | 5.6 (0.8) | 5.5 (0.8) | 5.6 (0.8) |
| Hemoglobin A1C, mmol/mol | 38 (10.1) | 39 (12.3) | 38 (10.6) | 37 (9.1) | 37 (9.0) | 38 (9.1) |
| Lactate, mmol/L† | 8.5 (3.6) | 8.0 (2.6) | 8.3 (3.2) | 8.8 (3.3) | 8.2 (3.6) | 9.0 (4.7) |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL* | 109 (34.4) | 114 (42.3) | 109 (35.0) | 108 (32.4) | 107 (30.5) | 108 (30.3) |
| HOMA-IR, U | 0.04 (0.07) | 0.04 (0.08) | 0.03 (0.03) | 0.03 (0.05) | 0.03 (0.03) | 0.06 (0.12) |
| hs-CRP, mg/L† | 3.9 (7.1) | 4.2 (6.4) | 3.6 (5.4) | 4.0 (8.2) | 3.5 (5.6) | 4.2 (8.9) |
Mean (SD) or % (N). Hypertension defined as diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg or systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg or use of any antihypertensive medication in the past 2 weeks. Cardiovascular disease defined as self-reported history of stroke or coronary heart disease (previous myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease or ECG confirmation of previous myocardial infarction). Diabetes defined as self-report of doctor diagnosis, use of glucose-lowering medication, fasting blood glucose ≥126 mg/dL or non-fasting blood glucose ≥200 mg/dL. To convert lipids from mg/dL to mmol/L, divide by 38.67 for total cholesterol, HDL-C and LDL-C, and by 88.57 for triglycerides.
*Glucose (mg/dL)/405, with insulin measured at visit 1.
†Lactate measured at visit 4, n=390 whites (357 without diabetes, 32 with diabetes); CRP measured at visit 2, n=6914 whites (6356 without diabetes, 554 with diabetes).
BMI, body mass index; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (insulin (U/L); hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C reactive protein; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; mtDNA-CN, mitochondrial DNA copy number.