Clinical characteristics in women screened with 75 g oral glucose tolerance test by the IADPSG criteria
| Non-matched | Propensity score-matched* | |||||
| NGT | GDM | P value | NGT | GDM | P value | |
| (n=1810) | (n=1455) | (n=1054) | (n=1054) | |||
| Maternal baseline characteristics | ||||||
| Height (m), mean (SD) | 1.60 (0.05) | 1.59 (0.05) | 0.04 | 1.60 (0.05) | 1.59 (0.05) | 0.50 |
| Weight (kg), mean (SD) | 66.70 (8.08) | 67.72 (8.85) | <0.01 | 67.44 (8.21) | 67.41 (8.77) | 0.93 |
| Age (year), mean (SD) | 28.6 (3.7) | 30.4 (4.3) | <0.01 | 29.6 (3.7) | 29.5 (3.7) | 0.47 |
| Age group (year), mean (%) | <0.01 | 0.69 | ||||
| <30 | 1172 (64.8%) | 662 (45.5%) | 548 (52.0%) | 542 (51.4%) | ||
| 30–39 | 620 (34.3%) | 744 (51.1%) | 491 (46.6%) | 501 (47.5%) | ||
| >39 | 18 (1.0%) | 49 (3.4%) | 15 (1.4%) | 11 (1.0%) | ||
| BMI, mean (SD) | 26.1 (2.9) | 26.7 (3.2) | <0.01 | 26.5 (3.0) | 26.5 (3.1) | 0.85 |
| BMI_group | <0.01 | 0.39 | ||||
| <18.5 | 4 (0.2%) | 4 (0.3%) | 2 (0.2%) | 4 (0.4%) | ||
| 18.5–24.9 | 597 (33.0%) | 371 (25.5%) | 343 (32.5%) | 347 (32.9%) | ||
| 25–29.9 | 866 (47.8%) | 654 (44.9%) | 590 (56.0%) | 563 (53.4%) | ||
| 30–34.9 | 142 (7.8%) | 155 (10.7%) | 110 (10.4%) | 124 (11.8%) | ||
| >35 | 201 (11.1%) | 271 (18.6%) | 9 (0.9%) | 16 (1.5%) | ||
| Gestational hypertension | 19 (1.0%) | 14 (1.0%) | 0.80 | 9 (0.9%) | 9 (0.9%) | 1 |
| Neonatal characteristics | ||||||
| Neonatal weight (kg), mean (SD) | 3.169 (0.434) | 3.204 (0.461) | 0.03 | 3.180 (0.436) | 3.225 (0.446) | 0.02 |
| Neonatal height (m), mean (SD) | 0.494 (0.018) | 0.495 (0.019) | 0.41 | 0.495 (0.017) | 0.496 (0.018) | 0.31 |
| Biparietal diameter (m), mean (SD) | 0.092 (0.006) | 0.092 (0.007) | <0.01 | 0.092 (0.006) | 0.092 (0.006) | 0.03 |
| Abdominal perimeter (m), mean (SD) | 0.326 (0.034) | 0.326 (0.032) | 0.81 | 0.327 (0.034) | 0.326 (0.032) | 0.60 |
| Femur length (m), mean (SD) | 0.076 (0.067) | 0.071 (0.043) | 0.02 | 0.078 (0.073) | 0.072 (0.048) | 0.05 |
| Delivery characteristics | ||||||
| Gestation, mean (SD) | 1.7 (1.0) | 2.0 (1.2) | <0.01 | 1.8 (1.1) | 1.9 (1.1) | 0.04 |
| Parity, mean (SD) | 1.2 (0.5) | 1.4 (0.6) | <0.01 | 1.3 (0.5) | 1.3 (0.5) | 0.03 |
| Duration of pregnancy (week) (SD) | 38.9 (3.1) | 38.7 (2.8) | 0.04 | 38.8 (3.7) | 38.8 (2.3) | 0.73 |
| Delivery mode | <0.01 | 0.11 | ||||
| Spontaneous delivery | 914 (50.5%) | 667 (45.8%) | 485 (46.0%) | 489 (46.4%) | ||
| Clamp labor | 7 (0.4%) | 7 (0.5%) | 4 (0.4%) | 5 (0.5%) | ||
| Vacuum labor | 25 (1.4%) | 8 (0.5%) | 15 (1.4%) | 5 (0.5%) | ||
| Cesarean section | 533 (29.4%) | 531 (36.5%) | 348 (33.0%) | 377 (35.8%) | ||
| Emergency cesarean | 322 (17.8%) | 234 (16.1%) | 195 (18.5%) | 174 (16.5%) | ||
| Missing values | 9 (0.5%) | 8 (0.5%) | 7 (0.7%) | 4 (0.4%) | ||
| Induction | <0.01 | <0.01 | ||||
| No induction | 1311 (72.4%) | 1161 (79.8%) | 751 (71.3%) | 836 (79.3%) | ||
| Oxytocin | 355 (19.6%) | 174 (12.0%) | 214 (20.3%) | 128 (12.1%) | ||
| Water sac | 26 (1.4%) | 41 (2.8%) | 15 (1.4%) | 30 (2.8%) | ||
| Prostaglandin E2 | 23 (1.3%) | 8 (0.5%) | 14 (1.3%) | 6 (0.6%) | ||
| Oxytocin+water sac | 15 (0.8%) | 52 (3.6%) | 8 (0.8%) | 39 (3.7%) | ||
| Oxytocin+prostaglandin E2 | 19 (1.0%) | 5 (0.3%) | 12 (1.1%) | 5 (0.5%) | ||
| Missing values | 61 (3.4%) | 14 (1.0%) | 40 (3.8%) | 10 (0.9%) | ||
*Propensity score matched for maternal age, gestational weight and gestational age at delivery, and duration of pregnancy.
BMI, body mass index; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; IADPSG, International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group; NGT, normal glucose tolerance.