<6% or <42 mmol/mol | 6%–6.4% or 42–47 mmol/mol | ≥6.5% or ≥48 mmol/mol | |
N | 349 825 | 15 648 | 12 780 |
Age at baseline assessment, years (median (IQR)) | 57.0 (49.0 to 63.0) | 61.0 (56.0 to 65.0) | 61.0 (54.0 to 65.0) |
Female (N %) | 189 945 (54.3) | 7401 (47.3) | 4644 (36.3) |
Ethnicity | |||
White European | 336 172 (96.1) | 13 812 (88.3) | 11 288 (88.3) |
South Asian | 3845 (1.1) | 590 (3.8) | 627 (4.9) |
African Caribbean | 3535 (1.0) | 639 (4.1) | 399 (3.1) |
Mixed or other | 6273 (1.8) | 607 (3.9) | 466 (3.6) |
Townsend deprivation index quintile | |||
Least deprived | 74 442 (21.3) | 2693 (17.2) | 1987 (15.5) |
Second least deprived | 73 142 (20.9) | 2853 (18.2) | 2162 (16.9) |
Median deprivation level | 71 721 (20.5) | 2914 (18.6) | 2337 (18.3) |
Second most deprived | 69 056 (19.7) | 3309 (21.1) | 2693 (21.1) |
Most deprived | 61 464 (17.6) | 3879 (24.8) | 3601 (28.2) |
Smoking status | |||
Never smoker | 245 290 (70.1) | 9109 (58.2) | 7417 (58.0) |
Former smoker | 80 703 (23.1) | 4786 (30.6) | 4273 (33.4) |
1–9 CPD | 5144 (1.5) | 240 (1.5) | 141 (1.1) |
10–19 CPD | 10 107 (2.9) | 750 (4.8) | 453 (3.5) |
20–29 CPD | 6814 (1.9) | 580 (3.7) | 355 (2.8) |
30+ CPD | 1767 (0.5) | 183 (1.2) | 141 (1.1) |
Alcohol use | |||
Daily or almost daily | 74 105 (21.2) | 2562 (16.4) | 1853 (14.5) |
Three or four times a week | 86 080 (24.6) | 2682 (17.1) | 1965 (15.4) |
Once or twice a week | 91 703 (26.2) | 3851 (24.6) | 3063 (24.0) |
One to three times a month | 38 642 (11.0) | 1991 (12.7) | 1684 (13.2) |
Special occasions only | 35 760 (10.2) | 2634 (16.8) | 2288 (17.9) |
Never | 23 535 (6.7) | 1928 (12.3) | 1927 (15.1) |
Days per week spent doing moderate physical activity | |||
None | 43 485 (12.4) | 2573 (16.4) | 2585 (20.2) |
1–2 | 80 980 (23.1) | 3329 (21.3) | 2812 (22.0) |
3–4 | 53 350 (15.3) | 2278 (14.6) | 1766 (13.8) |
5+ | 172 010 (49.2) | 7468 (47.7) | 5617 (44.0) |
Days per week spent doing vigorous physical activity | |||
None | 122 655 (35.1) | 7073 (45.2) | 6287 (49.2) |
1–2 | 108 371 (31.0) | 4164 (26.6) | 3158 (24.7) |
3–4 | 50 518 (14.4) | 1772 (11.3) | 1319 (10.3) |
5+ | 68 281 (19.5) | 2639 (16.9) | 2016 (15.8) |
Days per week walked for >10 min | |||
None | 7287 (2.1) | 504 (3.2) | 592 (4.6) |
1–2 | 31 086 (8.9) | 1523 (9.7) | 1279 (10.0) |
3–4 | 27 730 (7.9) | 1269 (8.1) | 1103 (8.6) |
5+ | 283 722 (81.1) | 12 352 (78.9) | 9806 (76.7) |
Days per week with intake of processed meats | |||
None | 32 903 (9.4) | 1161 (7.4) | 837 (6.6) |
<1 | 108 194 (30.9) | 4294 (27.4) | 3053 (23.9) |
1 | 101 933 (29.1) | 4626 (29.6) | 3744 (29.3) |
2–4 | 93 383 (26.7) | 4822 (30.8) | 4390 (34.4) |
5+ | 13 412 (3.8) | 745 (4.8) | 756 (5.9) |
Number of fruits or vegetables consumed per day | |||
None | 10 712 (3.1) | 685 (4.4) | 501 (3.9) |
1–2 | 61 487 (17.6) | 2831 (18.1) | 2325 (18.2) |
3–4 | 102 465 (29.3) | 4527 (28.9) | 3742 (29.3) |
5+ | 175, 161 (50.1) | 7605 (48.6) | 6212 (48.6) |
BMI at baseline, kg/m2 (median (IQR)) | 26.4 (23.9 to 29.4) | 29.7 (26.7 to 33.5) | 30.8 (27.5 to 34.9) |
HbA1c at baseline, mmol/mol (median (IQR)) | 34.7 (32.4 to 37.0) | 43.7 (42.7 to 45.2) | 56.6 (51.4 to 65.3) |
Comorbidities reported at baseline | |||
Any cardiovascular disease | 40 841 (11.7) | 3660 (23.4) | 3446 (27.0) |
Type 1 diabetes | 43 (0.0) | 112 (0.7) | 1143 (8.9) |
Type 1 diabetes | 3277 (0.9) | 3693 (23.6) | 9089 (71.1) |
Medications reported at baseline | |||
Metformin | 1258 (0.4) | 2049 (13.1) | 6611 (51.7) |
Other oral antidiabetic therapy | 409 (0.1) | 824 (5.3) | 3312 (25.9) |
Insulin | 257 (0.1) | 381 (2.4) | 3107 (24.3) |
Hormone replacement therapy | 14 517 (4.2) | 321 (2.1) | 222 (1.7) |
Oral contraceptives | 5631 (1.6) | 60 (0.4) | 92 (0.7) |
BMI, body mass index in kilograms per square metre (kg/m2); CPD, cigarettes smoked per day; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin.