Risk of type 2 diabetes incidence by IWL during a 15-year follow-up and during different lengths of follow-up
| IWL | n of cases | N at risk | Model 1* | Model 2† | Model 3‡ | Model 4§ | ||||
| HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | |||
| Total follow-up | ||||||||||
| No | 328 | 3712 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 89 | 558 | 2.18 | 1.73 to 2.77 | 1.48 | 1.16 to 1.88 | 1.58 | 1.23 to 2.03 | 1.44 | 1.11 to 1.87 |
| P value for heterogeneity | <0.001 | 0.002 | <0.001 | 0.008 | ||||||
| 0–5 years follow-up | ||||||||||
| No | 60 | 3712 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 18 | 558 | 2.39 | 1.41 to 4.06 | 1.46 | 0.85 to 2.51 | 1.46 | 0.83 to 2.57 | 0.94 | 0.48 to 1.83 |
| P value for heterogeneity | 0.003 | 0.19 | 0.21 | 0.84 | ||||||
| 6–10 years follow-up | ||||||||||
| No | 147 | 3587 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 42 | 533 | 2.26 | 1.60 to 3.20 | 1.50 | 1.05 to 2.14 | 1.68 | 1.16 to 2.41 | 1.74 | 1.20 to 2.53 |
| P value for heterogeneity | <0.001 | 0.03 | 0.008 | 0.005 | ||||||
| 11–15 years follow-up | ||||||||||
| No | 121 | 3354 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 29 | 485 | 1.98 | 1.32 to 2.98 | 1.48 | 0.97 to 2.24 | 1.56 | 1.02 to 2.39 | 1.63 | 1.06 to 2.49 |
| P value for heterogeneity | 0.002 | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.03 | ||||||
*Adjusted for sex and age.
†Adjusted for sex, age and waist circumference.
‡Adjusted for sex, age, education, BMI, physical activity, alcohol consumption, smoking, energy intake, AHEI and sleep duration.
§Adjusted for sex, age, education, BMI, physical activity, alcohol consumption, smoking, energy intake, AHEI, sleep duration, waist circumference, elevated blood pressure, serum HDL cholesterol, serum triglycerides and fasting serum glucose.
AHEI, Alternate healthy eating index; BMI, body mass index; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; IWL, intentional weight loss; n, number of subjects in respective category.