Anthropometric and cardiometabolic features of young and middle-aged Japanese women
| Young | Middle-aged | P value | |
| n=210 | n=148 | ||
| AT-IR | 3.5±2.7 | 3.2±2.1 | 0.417 |
| Age (years) | 20.7±1.2 | 49.8±3.6 | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 20.3±2.3 | 22.0±2.8 | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 71.2±5.7 | 78.7±8.1 | <0.001 |
| Fat mass index (kg/m2) | 5.5±1.7 | 6.7±2.4 | <0.001 |
| Trunk/leg fat ratio | 1.25±0.25 | 1.64±0.39 | <0.001 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 82±7 | 89±14 | <0.001 |
| Fasting insulin (μU/mL) | 6.0±3.1 | 5.4±2.8 | 0.070 |
| Fasting FFA (mEq/L) | 0.56±0.22 | 0.60±0.23 | 0.118 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.2±0.2 | 5.5±0.4 | <0.001 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.22±0.82 | 1.21±0.71 | 0.896 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 58±38 | 81±36 | <0.001 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 182±29 | 224±35 | <0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 74±13 | 77±16 | 0.030 |
| Non-HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 108±25 | 147±33 | <0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 97±25 | 130±30 | <0.001 |
| Apolipoprotein A1 (mg/dL) | 164±20 | 178±22 | <0.001 |
| Apolipoprotein B (mg/dL) | 68±15 | 93±19 | <0.001 |
| AST (U/L)* | 18±5 | 21±13 | 0.003 |
| ALT (U/L)* | 13±6 | 20±18 | <0.001 |
| GGT (U/L)* | 14±4 | 22±20 | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 108±11 | 121±16 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 63±8 | 74±11 | <0.001 |
Mean±SD
*logarithmically transformed for analyses.
ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; AT-IR, adipose tissue insulin resistance; FFA, free fatty acid; GGT, γ-glutamyl-transpeptidase; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.