Clinical characteristics of elderly patients with type 2 diabetes aged older than 60 years according to the gender-specific quartiles of hand grip strength
| Grip strength (kg) (range) (mean±SD) | Males | Females | ||||||||
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | P value | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | P value | |
| ≤29.3 | 29.4–33.8 | 33.9–38.3 | ≥38.4 | ≤16.4 | 16.5–19.8 | 19.9–22.0 | ≥22.1 | |||
| 24.8±3.6 | 31.7±1.3 | 35.8±1.3 | 42.3±3.3 | 13.6±2.5 | 18.3±1.1 | 21.0±0.6 | 25.0±2.4 | |||
| n | 147 | 153 | 154 | 168 | 77 | 85 | 76 | 85 | ||
| Age (years) | 75.9±6.6 | 71.5±6.6 | 68.8±5.4 | 67.3±5.0 | <0.001 | 77.2±7.0 | 74.4±6.7 | 72.0±6.0 | 68.1±6.1 | <0.001 |
| Duration (years) | 18.8±10.4 | 17.0±8.4 | 15.3±9.2 | 14.8±7.5 | <0.001 | 18.8±10.2 | 15.4±9.2 | 15.3±9.5 | 12.7±7.6 | <0.01 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.5±3.3 | 25.0±3.2 | 25.3±3.2 | 26.7±3.6 | <0.001 | 25.0±4.3 | 24.8±4.0 | 25.7±3.6 | 27.0±5.5 | <0.01 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.33±0.86 | 7.15±0.99 | 7.21±0.78 | 7.06±0.63 | <0.05 | 7.24±1.00 | 7.24±0.71 | 7.27±0.82 | 7.23±0.93 | NS |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 56.6±9.4 | 54.7±10.8 | 55.2±8.5 | 53.7±6.9 | <0.05 | 55.6±10.9 | 55.6±7.8 | 56.0±9.0 | 55.6±10.2 | NS |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 124.1±13.7 | 122.9±13.1 | 123.6±12.4 | 123.6±11.2 | NS | 126.0±12.1 | 127.0±14.3 | 124.1±13.4 | 125.3±14.9 | NS |
| Serum albumin (g/dL) | 4.31±0.31 | 4.43±0.27 | 4.46±0.26 | 4.51±0.24 | <0.001 | 4.32±0.26 | 4.41±0.22 | 4.49±0.27 | 4.49±0.26 | <0.001 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 105.6±27.3 | 105.1±27.1 | 100.6±26.7 | 104.2±24.4 | NS | 103.5±27.1 | 107.4±32.3 | 103.4±24.5 | 108.2±26.0 | NS |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 55.4±14.6 | 55.8±17.0 | 53.4±13.8 | 53.6±13.4 | NS | 60.3±14.8 | 61.2±16.2 | 60.7±11.9 | 62.7±16.8 | NS |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 60.9±19.1 | 65.7±16.8 | 63.9±16.3 | 63.5±12.5 | NS | 54.3±20.2 | 63.2±14.9 | 63.4±17.0 | 63.5±20.7 | <0.01 |
| Albuminuria (µg/g Cr) | 20.1 (7.1–110.5) | 14.8 (5.5–49.0) | 13.9 (4.9–53.5) | 9.2 (4.7–21.7) | <0.001 | 24.3 (11.1–89.9) | 18.7 (9.7–52.0) | 14.5 (8.2–43.3) | 14.5 (7.1–28.7) | <0.05 |
| Retinopathy (%) | 30.5 | 23.1 | 23.5 | 15.6 | <0.001 | 31.5 | 23.5 | 21.6 | 13.2 | <0.05 |
| Neuropathy (%) | 57.1 | 55.8 | 51.6 | 35.3 | <0.001 | 61.6 | 43.5 | 39.7 | 32.1 | <0.01 |
| CAD (%) | 6.4 | 8.3 | 7.8 | 6.5 | NS | 7.8 | 5.9 | 2.6 | 4.7 | NS |
| Stroke (%) | 16.0 | 10.9 | 4.5 | 1.8 | <0.001 | 7.8 | 2.4 | 3.9 | 2.4 | NS |
| PAD (%) | 3.8 | 6.4 | 4.5 | 3.6 | NS | 7.8 | 3.5 | 1.3 | 2.4 | NS |
Data are mean±SD or median (IQR) for continuous variables, and percentage for categorical variables.
BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CAD, coronary artery disease; Cr, creatinine; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin A1c; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; NS, not significant; PAD, peripheral artery disease.