Clinical characteristics and physical performance measures of those with and without a low performance in the elderly people with type 2 diabetes and grip strength <33.9 kg for males and <19.9 kg for females
| Males | Females | |||||
| Low performance | Not low performance | P value | Low performance | Not low performance | P value | |
| n | 38 | 215 | 37 | 85 | ||
| Age (years) | 76.8±6.6 | 73.3±6.6 | <0.01 | 78.2±6.2 | 73.5±6.5 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.6±3.0 | 24.8±3.2 | NS | 26.2±3.8 | 24.4±3.9 | NS |
| Grip strength (kg) | 25.4±5.0 | 29.2±3.8 | <0.001 | 15.4±3.2 | 16.9±2.4 | <0.01 |
| Serum albumin (g/dL) | 4.30±0.27 | 4.42±0.28 | <0.05 | 4.31±0.26 | 4.43±0.21 | <0.01 |
| Albuminuria (µg/g Cr) | 37.2 (8.1–244.6) | 15.5 (6.1–48.5) | <0.01 | 37.2 (8.1–244.6) | 15.5 (6.1–48.5) | <0.05 |
| Stroke (%) | 26.3 | 8.4 | <0.01 | 10.8 | 4.7 | NS |
| Gait speed (m/s) | 1.16±0.28 | 1.44±0.23 | <0.001 | 1.00±0.25 | 1.41±0.24 | <0.001 |
| Five sit-to-stand time (s) | 13.29±2.48 | 8.42±1.76 | <0.001 | 12.55±2.69 | 8.65±1.62 | <0.001 |
| Knee extension strength (n) | 190.7±92.0 | 276.7±96.1 | <0.001 | 131.4±56.8 | 167.9±57.1 | <0.01 |
| Balance score | 3.24±1.05 | 3.88±0.41 | <0.001 | 3.35±1.01 | 3.85±0.42 | <0.001 |
| Walking score | 3.63±0.63 | 4.00±0.00 | <0.001 | 3.49±0.80 | 4.00±0.00 | <0.001 |
| Five sit-to-stand score | 2.68±0.87 | 3.95±0.22 | <0.001 | 2.89±0.84 | 3.96±0.19 | <0.001 |
| SPPB score | 9.55±1.61 | 11.83±0.47 | <0.001 | 9.73±1.64 | 11.81±0.48 | <0.001 |
| SPPB full score (%) | 2.6 | 87.4 | <0.001 | 16.2 | 84.7 | <0.001 |
Variables not significantly different between the two not shown, such as duration of diabetes, HbA1c, systolic BP, LDL-C, HDL-C, eGFR, retinopathy, neuropathy, CHD and PAD in males and females.
A low physical performance was defined by AWGS criteria with at least one of the following: gait speed <1.0 m/s, five sit-to-stand time ≥12 s, and SPPB score ≤9.
AWGS, Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CHD, coronary heart disease; Cr, creatinine; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin A1c; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; PAD, peripheral artery disease; SPPB, short performance physical battery.