Cord plasma RBP-4, leptin and adiponectin concentrations in the newborns of GD versus control (euglycemic) mothers stratified by infant sex
| Male newborns | Crude P value* | Adjusted P value* | Female newborns | Crude P value* | Adjusted P value* | |||
| GD | Control | GD | Control | |||||
| RBP-4 (µg/mL) | 18.8±4.5 | 19.4±5.1 | 0.383 | 0.594 | 21.7±5.4 | 20.0±4.8 | 0.078 | 0.007 |
| Leptin (ng/mL) | 5.5±5.0 | 7.0±6.7 | 0.231 | 0.268 | 9.6±8.9 | 9.3±7.4 | 0.416 | 0.690 |
| Adiponectin | ||||||||
| HMW (µg/mL) | 15.3±7.4 | 16.1±7.4 | 0.312 | 0.354 | 14.6±7.7 | 19.3±8.3 | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Total (µg/mL) | 35.1±15.2 | 35.6±15.6 | 0.754 | 0.485 | 30.8±14.3 | 37.1±16.1 | 0.025 | 0.048 |
| HMW/total | 0.45±0.16 | 0.47±0.14 | 0.279 | 0.682 | 0.47±0.13 | 0.53±0.13 | 0.001 | 0.003 |
Data presented are mean±SD. There were 140 male newborns (of 70 GD and 70 euglycemic mothers) and 166 female newborns (of 83 GD and 83 euglycemic mothers) in the analyses.
P values in bold: p<0.017 (significant after accounting for multiple tests of the differences in the three primary outcomes (leptin, HMW adiponectin and RBP-4) between GD and control groups).
*Crude p values were from paired t-tests in log-transformed data. Adjusted p values were from generalized linear models in the comparisons of log-transformed biomarker data between the two groups adjusted for maternal (pre-pregnancy BMI, family history of diabetes, family history of hypertension, gestational hypertension) and neonatal (cesarean section) characteristics; other factors were excluded since they were similar and did not affect the comparisons (p>0.2).
BMI, body mass index; GD, gestational diabetes; HMW, high molecular weight; RBP-4, retinol-binding protein 4.