The adjusted differences in cord blood biomarkers between GD and controls in male and female newborns
| Males | Females | |||||
| β | 95% CI | Adjusted P value | β | 95% CI | Adjusted P value | |
| RBP-4 (µg/mL) | −0.02 | (−0.11 to 0.06) | 0.594 | 0.13 | (0.04 to 0.22) | 0.007 |
| Leptin (ng/mL) | −0.16 | (−0.45 to 0.13) | 0.268 | −0.06 | (−0.34 to 0.22) | 0.690 |
| Adiponectin | ||||||
| HMW (µg/mL) | −0.07 | (−0.23 to 0.08) | 0.354 | −0.33 | (−0.56 to − 0.11) | 0.004 |
| Total (µg/mL) | −0.05 | (−0.20 to 0.10) | 0.485 | −0.19 | (−0.37 to − 0.002) | 0.048 |
| HMW/total ratio | −0.02 | (−0.12 to 0.08) | 0.682 | −0.15 | (−0.24 to − 0.05) | 0.003 |
Data (β) presented are the regression coefficients for GD (yes vs no) from generalized linear models of log-transformed biomarker data with the adjustments for maternal (pre-pregnancy BMI, family history of diabetes, family history of hypertension, gestational hypertension) and neonatal (cesarean section) characteristics; other factors were excluded since they were similar and did not affect the comparisons between the two groups.
P values in bold: p<0.017 (significant after accounting for multiple tests of the differences in the three primary outcomes (leptin, HMW adiponectin, RBP-4) between GD and controls).
BMI, body mass index; GD, gestational diabetes; HMW, high molecular weight; RBP-4, retinol-binding protein 4.