Summary of characteristics of 51 studies that examined mHealth intervention for hypertension and diabetes treatment and management
| ID* | Reference | SS | Gender (female) | Age (years)† | mHealth type | ID* | Reference | SS | Gender (female) | Age (years)† | mHealth type | ID* | Reference | SS | Gender (female) | Age (years)† | mHealth type |
| 1 | Goodarzi et al24 | 81 | 63 (77.78%) | Exp: 50.98 (10.32), Cont: 56.71 (9.77) | MPTM | 18 | Chamany et al43 | 941 | 599 (63.66%) | Exp: 56.7 (11.3), Cont: 56.0 (12.0) | MPCs | 35 | Piette et al60 | 291 | 150 (51.5%) | Exp: 55.1 (9.4), Cont: 56.0 (10.9) | MPCs +WPMD |
| 2 | Yaron et al27 | 67 | 35 (52.24%) | Exp: 43(11.0), Cont: 45(14.0) | Telemedicine | 19 | Basudev et al46 | 208 | 88 (42.31%) | Exp: 60.5 (12.3), Cont: 59.3 (12.0) | Telemedicine | 36 | Cho et al63 | 71 | 43 (60.56%) | Exp: 65.3 (9.3), Cont: 63.1 (10.3) | Telemedicine +WPMD |
| 3 | Ramadas et al30 | 128 | 51 (39.84%) | Exp: 49.6 (10.7), Cont: 51.5 (10.3) | Telemedicine | 20 | Crowley et al49 | 50 | 2 (4.0%) | Exp: 60 (8.4), Cont: 60 (9.2) | MPCs | 37 | Bujnowska-Fedak et al66 | 95 | 44 (46.32%) | Exp: 53.1 (25.2), Cont: 57.5 (27.4) | Telemedicine |
| 4 | Abaza et al33 | 73 | 41 (56.16%) | Exp: 51.24 (8.66), Cont: 51.77 (9.68) | MPTM | 21 | Odnoletkova et al52 | 574 | 221 (38.50%) | Exp: 63.8 (8.7), Cont: 62.4 (8.9) | Telemedicine | 38 | Berndt et al69 | 68 | 27 (39.71%) | Exp: 12.9 (2.0), Cont: 13.2 (2.9) | mHealth Apps+Telemedicine |
| 5 | Wild et al36 | 321 | 107 (33.33%) | Exp: 60.5 (9.8), Cont: 61.4 (9.8) | Telemedicine | 22 | Baron et al55 | 81 | 35 (43.21%) | Exp: 58.2 (13.6), Cont: 55.8 (13.8) | Telemedicine | 39 | Charpentier et al72 | 120 | 77 (64.17%) | Exp: 31.6 (12.5), Cont: 36.8 (14.1) | mHealth Apps+Telemedicine |
| 6 | Duruturk et al39 | 44 | 18 (36.0%) | Exp: 52.82 (11.86), Cont: 53.04 (10.45) | Telemedicine | 23 | Di Bartolo et al26 | 182 | 89 (48.90%) | Exp: 17.6 (3.1), Cont: 17.8 (3.0) | mHealth Apps +WPMD | 40 | Kim et al58 | 34 | 18 (52.94%) | Exp: 45.5 (9.1), Cont: 48.5 (8.0) | Telemedicine +WPMD |
| 7 | Sarayani et al42 | 100 | 41 (41.0%) | Exp: 53.4 (10.3), Cont: 56.7 (11.5) | MPCs | 24 | Benson et al29 | 118 | 53 (44.92%) | Exp: 59.8 (10.2), Cont: 60 (8.66) | Telemedicine | 41 | Piette et al61 | 181 | 122 (67.40%) | Exp: 58.0 (12.26), Cont: 57.1 (10.55) | Telemedicine |
| 8 | Wang et al45 | 212 | 104 (49.06%) | Exp: 52.6 (9.1), Cont: 54.7 (10.3) | Telemedicine | 25 | Boaz et al32 | 35 | 22 (62.86%) | Exp: 63 (10.0), Cont: 63 (15.0) | Telemedicine | 42 | Bobrow et al64 | 915 | 662 (72.35%) | Exp: 54.2 (11.6), Cont: 54.7 (11.6) | MPTM |
| 9 | Kim et al48 | 182 | 94 (51.65%) | Exp: 52.5 (9.1), Cont: 55.6 (10.0) | Telemedicine | 26 | Liou et al35 | 95 | 47 (49.47%) | Exp: 56.6 (7.7), Cont: 57.0 (7.5) | Telemedicine | 43 | Kim et al67 | 250 | 100 (40.0%) | Exp: 56.1 (11.0), Cont: 58.8 (10.6) | Telemedicine |
| 10 | Lim et al51 | 100 | 25 (25.0%) | Exp: 64.3 (5.2), Cont: 65.8 (4.7) | Telemedicine | 27 | Rossi et al38 | 130 | 74 (56.92%) | Exp: 35.4 (9.5), Cont: 36.1 (9.4) | Telemedicine +WPMD | 44 | McManus et al70 | 782 | 364 (46.55%) | Exp: 67.0 (9.3), Cont: 66.8 (9.4) | Telemedicine |
| 11 | Cho et al54 | 484 | 177 (36.57%) | Exp: 52.9 (9.2), Cont: 53.4 (8.7) | Telemedicine | 28 | Davis et al41 | 165 | 123 (74.55%) | Exp: 59.9 (9.4), Cont: 59.2 (9.3) | Telemedicine +WPMD | 45 | Margolis et al73 | 450 | 201 (44.67%) | Exp: 62.0 (11.7), Cont: 60.2 (12.2) | Telemedicine |
| 12 | Kleinman et al25 | 90 | 27 (30.0%) | Exp: 48.8 (9.0), Cont: 48.0 (9.5) | mHealth Apps | 29 | Shea et al44 | 1665 | 1046 (62.82%) | Exp: 70.8 (6.5), Cont: 70.9 (6.8) | Telemedicine | 46 | Green et al59 | 519 | 287 (55.30%) | Exp: 59.3 (8.6), Cont: 58.6 (8.5) | Telemedicine |
| 13 | Fortmann et al28 | 126 | 94 (74.60%) | Exp: 47.8 (9.0), Cont: 49.1 (10.6) | MPTM | 30 | Kirwan et al47 | 72 | 44 (61.11%) | Exp: 35.97 (10.7), Cont: 34.42 (10.3) | mHealth Apps +MPTM | 47 | McManus et al62 | 527 | 255 (53.13%) | Exp: 66.6 (8.8), Cont: 66.2 (8.8) | Telemedicine |
| 14 | Jeong et al31 | 225 | 72 (32.0%) | Exp: 52.46 (8.48), Cont: 53.16 (9.06) | Telemedicine | 31 | Moattari et al50 | 48 | 27 (57.0%) | 18–39 | Telemedicine | 48 | Rifkin et al65 | 43 | 2 (4.65%) | Exp: 68.5 (7.5), Cont: 67.9 (8.4) | Telemedicine +WPMD |
| 15 | Kempf et al34 | 167 | 77 (46.11%) | Exp: 59.0 (9.0), Cont: 60.0 (8.0) | Telemedicine | 32 | Rossi et al53 | 127 | 67 (52.76%) | Exp: 38.4 (10.3), Cont: 34.3 (10.0) | mHealth Apps+Telemedicine | 49 | Lee et al68 | 382 | 192 (50.26%) | Exp: 57.29 (10.90), Cont: 58.90 (10.7) | Telemedicine +WPMD |
| 16 | Nicolucci et al37 | 302 | 116 (38.41%) | Exp: 59.1 (10.3), Cont: 57.8 (8.9) | Telemedicine | 33 | Zhou et al56 | 114 | —‡ | 18–75 | Telemedicine | 50 | Kim et al71 | 95 | 65 (68.42%) | Exp: 57.5 (8.6), Cont: 57.7 (8.7) | mHealth Apps +WPMD |
| 17 | Wakefield et al40 | 108 | 60 (55.56%) | Exp: 57.7 (10.8), Cont: 62.5 (10.9) | Telemedicine | 34 | Tang et al57 | 415 | 166 (40.0%) | Exp: 54 (10.7), Cont: 53.5 (10.2) | Telemedicine | 51 | McKinstry et al74 | 401 | 164 (40.90%) | Exp: 60.5 (11.8), Cont: 60.8 (10.7) | Telemedicine |
*Study ID, indicate the 1st to 51th study.
†Unless otherwise indicated, values are n/N(%), ranges or means±SDs.
‡Not mentioned in the study.
ID, identifier; mHealth, mobile health; mHealth Apps, mobile health applications; MPCs, mobile phone calls; MPTMs, mobile phone text messages; SS, sample size; WPMDs, wearable or portable monitoring devices.