(A) Exercise-induced change in biomarkers | |||
Biomarker | HypoEx | EuEx | P value |
Blood glucose (mmol/L) | −4.1±2.5* | −3.6±2.2* | 0.698 |
Blood lactate (mmol/L) | +1.8±0.0.9* | +2.0±1.8* | 0.916 |
β-OHB (mmol/L) | +0.01±0.01 | +0.01±0.02 | 0.945 |
Glucagon (pg/mL) | +16.8±64.8 | +1.6±13.0 | 0.348 |
EPI (nmol/L) | +0.05±0.08 | +0.03±0.12 | 0.779 |
NE (nmol/L) | +0.63±1.11 | +0.77±1.33 | 0.878 |
(B) End of exercise point concentrations in biomarkers | |||
Biomarker | HypoEx | EuEx | P value |
Blood glucose (mmol/L) | 3.5±0.3 | 5.8±1.1 | <0.001 |
Blood lactate (mmol/L) | 2.7±0.9 | 3.0±1.9 | 0.812 |
β-OHB (mmol/L) | 0.05±0.01 | 0.05±0.02 | 0.945 |
Glucagon (pg/mL) | 28.5±61.04 | 36.7±72.1 | 0.964 |
EPI (nmol/L) | 0.08±0.09 | 0.08±0.13 | 0.817 |
NE (nmol/L) | 1.37±0.93 | 1.45±1.49 | 0.635 |
Data are reported as mean±SEM; n=13.
Data have been treated via univariate analysis with exercise duration, pre-exercise insulin dosing amount (inclusive of all basal and bolus doses) and the insulin dosing arm (ie, full vs reduced dose) included as covariates in the model.
*P≤0.05 denotes significant difference compared with the corresponding immediate pre-exercise value.
EPI, epinephrine; Ex, exercise; NE, norepinephrine; β-OHB, β-hydroxybutyrate.