Table 2

All-cause and cause-specific mortality according to amount of green tea or coffee consumed among Japanese participants with type 2 diabetes

	Green tea consumption				P for trend	Coffee consumption				P for trend
	None (n=607)	≤1 cup/d (n=1143)	2–3 cups/d (n=1384)	≥4 cups/d (n=1784)	P for trend	None (n=994)	<1 cup/d (n=1306)	1 cup/d (n=963)	≥2 cups/d (n=1660)	P for trend
All-cause mortality
No of death	50	74	87	98		94	91	58	66
Incidence (/1000PYs)	15.8	12.3	11.9	10.4		18.2	13.2	11.5	7.5
HR (95% CI)
Age- and sex- adjusted	1.0 (ref.)	0.87 (0.61–1.24)	0.71 (0.50–1.00)	0.60 (0.43–0.85)	0.001	1.0 (ref.)	0.81 (0.60–1.08)	0.76 (0.55–1.05)	0.58 (0.41–0.80)	0.001
Multivariable-adjusted	1.0 (ref.)	0.85 (0.60–1.22)	0.73 (0.51–1.03)	0.60 (0.42–0.85)	0.002	1.0 (ref.)	0.88 (0.66–1.18)	0.81 (0.58–1.13)	0.59 (0.42–0.82)	0.002
+Coffee	1.0 (ref.)	0.88 (0.61–1.26)	0.73 (0.51–1.03)	0.60 (0.42–0.85)	0.001	–	–	–	–
+Green tea	–	–	–	–		1.0 (ref.)	0.88 (0.66–1.18)	0.81 (0.58–1.13)	0.58 (0.42–0.81)	0.002
Cancer mortality
No of death	16	26	39	33		32	33	22	27
Incidence (/1000PYs)	5.1	4.3	5.4	3.5		6.2	4.8	4.4	3.1
HR (95% CI)
Age- and sex- adjusted	1.0 (ref.)	0.96 (0.52–1.80)	0.98 (0.55–1.76)	0.63 (0.34–1.15)	0.09	1.0 (ref.)	0.87 (0.53–1.41)	0.86 (0.50–1.49)	0.72 (0.43–1.23)	0.26
Multivariable-adjusted	1.0 (ref.)	0.96 (0.52–1.80)	1.02 (0.57–1.83)	0.65 (0.35–1.19)	0.12	1.0 (ref.)	0.92 (0.56–1.49)	0.94 (0.54–1.62)	0.78 (0.45–1.34)	0.41
+Coffee	1.0 (ref.)	0.98 (0.53–1.84)	1.02 (0.57–1.84)	0.65 (0.35–1.19)	0.11	–	–	–	–
+Green tea	–	–	–	–		1.0 (ref.)	0.92 (0.56–1.50)	0.94 (0.54–1.62)	0.77 (0.45–1.33)	0.39
Cardiovascular mortality
No of deaths	13	22	15	26		23	23	14	16
Incidence (/1000PYs)	4.1	3.7	2.1	2.8		4.5	3.3	2.8	1.8
HR (95% CI)
Age- and sex- adjusted	1.0 (ref.)	0.97 (0.49–1.93)	0.47 (0.23–1.00)	0.62 (0.32–1.22)	0.06	1.0 (ref.)	0.82 (0.46–1.46)	0.72 (0.37–1.40)	0.52 (0.27–1.01)	0.049
Multivariable-adjusted	1.0 (ref.)	1.03 (0.51–2.05)	0.53 (0.25–1.13)	0.66 (0.33–1.31)	0.09	1.0 (ref.)	0.92 (0.51–1.65)	0.83 (0.42–1.62)	0.53 (0.27–1.04)	0.06
+Coffee	1.0 (ref.)	1.06 (0.53–2.12)	0.54 (0.25–1.14)	0.65 (0.33–1.29)	0.08	–	–	–	–
+Green tea	–	–	–	–		1.0 (ref.)	0.92 (0.51–1.64)	0.82 (0.42–1.61)	0.52 (0.26–1.02)	0.055

Multivariate adjustments included age, sex, BMI, diabetes duration, current smoking habit, current alcohol intake, LTPA, sleep duration, HbA_1c, UACR, systolic blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, history of CVD and cancer.
BMI, body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HbA_1c, hemoglobin A_1c; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; LTPA, leisure-time physical activity; UACR, urinary albumin creatinine ratio.