Table 2

Cross-sectional and longitudinal association between baseline vitamin B12 levels and diabetes (DM) and new-onset DM

Baseline vitamin B12Cross-sectional*Longitudinal†
DMNew-onset DM
nCases (%)Non-adjustedAdjustednCases (%)Non-adjustedAdjusted
OR (95% CI), p valueOR (95% CI), p valueOR (95% CI), p valueOR (95% CI), p value
Continuous (per IQR)16 6991872 (11.2)1.36 (1.28 to 1.44), <0.0011.35 (1.26 to 1.44), <0.00114 8271589 (10.7)1.02 (0.95 to 1.09), 0.5720.97 (0.90 to 1.04), 0.346
Quartiles
 Q14175353 (8.5)113707391 (10.5)11
 Q24173404 (9.7)1.15 (0.99 to 1.34), 0.0711.02 (0.87 to 1.21), 0.7883706383 (10.3)0.99 (0.85 to 1.14), 0.8490.94 (0.80 to 1.10), 0.447
 Q34176493 (11.8)1.47 (1.27 to 1.69), <0.0011.23 (1.04 to 1.44), 0.0133707417 (11.2)1.07 (0.92 to 1.24), 0.3870.98 (0.83 to 1.14), 0.768
 Q44175622 (14.9)1.83 (1.59 to 2.11), <0.0011.68 (1.43 to 1.98), <0.0013707398 (10.7)1.02 (0.88 to 1.18), 0.8200.91 (0.77 to 1.07), 0.244
P for trend<0.001<0.0010.5820.341

  • *Adjusted for age, sex, MTHFR gene C677T polymorphisms, SBP and DBP at baseline, body mass index, study center, serum concentrations of folate, homocysteine, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, smoking status, alcohol consumption status, meat consumption, lipid-lowering drugs and antihypertensive drugs.

  • †Adjusted for age, sex, MTHFR gene C677T polymorphisms, SBP and DBP at baseline, mean SBP and DBP during the treatment period, body mass index, study center, baseline serum concentrations of folate, homocysteine, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, treatment group, smoking status, alcohol consumption status, meat consumption, lipid-lowering drugs and antihypertensive drugs.

  • DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DM, diabetes mellitus; MTHFR, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase; SBP, systolic blood pressure.