Study population characteristics stratified by sex
| Men, n=3969 (60%) | Women, n=2668 (40%) | |
| Age, years | 62.7±9.6 | 61.8±11.1 |
| Diabetes duration, years | 9.1 (4.3–15.1) | 9.0 (4.4–15.1) |
| Educational level* | ||
| Low | 1169 (32) | 1066 (43) |
| Moderate | 1558 (42) | 1065 (43) |
| High | 968 (26) | 335 (14) |
| Smoking status | ||
| Never | 935 (27) | 1111 (46) |
| Former | 1904 (54) | 925 (39) |
| Current | 690 (20) | 360 (15) |
| Alcohol use† | ||
| No | 1241 (33) | 1484 (60) |
| Low | 1987 (53) | 738 (30) |
| High | 516 (14) | 248 (10) |
| Prior CVD | 1420 (40) | 673 (30) |
| 10-year CVD risk | ||
| Low risk | 108 (3) | 288 (12) |
| Intermediate risk | 187 (5) | 336 (14) |
| High risk | 3271 (92) | 1759 (74) |
| Healthcare setting | ||
| Primary care | 2238 (57) | 1489 (56) |
| Secondary/tertiary care | 1701 (43) | 1154 (44) |
| Cardiometabolic factors | ||
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 142.6±18.9 | 141.3±20.1 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 78.6±10.4 | 76.7±10.0 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.6 (1.1–2.3) | 1.5 (1.1–2.1) |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.28±1.12 | 4.73±1.39 |
| HDL-c, mmol/L | 1.14±0.32 | 1.36±0.39 |
| LDL-c, mmol/L | 2.3±0.8 | 2.6±1.0 |
| Cholesterol ratio (total:HDL) | 3.97±1.42 | 3.69±1.27 |
| Weight, kg | 94.2±17.9 | 85.5±18.8 |
| Height, cm | 177±7 | 164±7 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 30.0±5.2 | 31.9±6.7 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 108.4±13.6 | 104.5±15.6 |
| HbA1c, mmol/mol | 55.0±13.6 | 55.4±14.2 |
| Medication use | ||
| Diabetes medication | ||
| None | 538 (14) | 403 (16) |
| Oral only | 1769 (46) | 1097 (42) |
| Insulin and oral | 1053 (27) | 690 (27) |
| Insulin only | 518 (13) | 401 (16) |
| Lipid-modifying medication | 2740 (71) | 1628 (63) |
| Antihypertensive medication | 2688 (69) | 1807 (70) |
| Antithrombotic medication | 1689 (44) | 802 (31) |
Data are presented as mean±SD or median (IQR) where appropriate for continuous variables and n (%) for categorized variables.
Due to missing data not all variables add up to n=2668 for women and n=3969 for men.
*Low education includes no education, primary school not finished, primary education, and low vocational education. Moderate education includes intermediate vocational education, high secondary education, and high vocational education. High education includes high professional education and university education.
†Alcohol use was divided into three categories: none: no alcohol use; low: ≤7 glasses per week for women and ≤14 glasses per week for men; high: >7 glasses per week for women and >14 glasses per week for men.
CVD, cardiovascular disease; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.