Table 2

Multinomial logistic regression of factors associated with undiagnosed and diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D). German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults 2008–2011 (DEGS1)

	Model 1				Model 2				Model 3				Model 4
	Undiagnosed T2D vs normoglycemia		Diagnosed T2D vs normoglycemia		Undiagnosed T2D vs normoglycemia		Diagnosed T2D vs normoglycemia		Undiagnosed T2D vs normoglycemia		Diagnosed T2D vs normoglycemia		Undiagnosed T2D vs normoglycemia		Diagnosed T2D vs normoglycemia
	OR*	95% CI	OR*	95% CI	OR*	95% CI	OR*	95% CI	OR*	95% CI	OR*	95% CI	OR*	95% CI	OR	95% CI
Men vs women	2.78	1.85 to 4.19	1.43	1.10 to 1.85	3.12	2.02 to 4.83	1.50	1.15 to 1.97	3.28	2.14 to 5.03	1.67	1.26 to 2.22	3.33	2.18 to 5.07	1.91	1.43 to 2.56
Age, per year	1.04	1.01 to 1.06	1.09	1.07 to 1.10	1.04	1.02 to 1.06	1.08	1.07 to 1.10	1.04	1.02 to 1.07	1.09	1.07 to 1.10	1.04	1.01 to 1.06	1.08	1.07 to 1.10
Low vs middle/high educational level	1.69	1.07 to 2.67	1.33	1.05 to 1.69	1.47	0.94 to 2.31	1.38	1.07 to 1.77	1.23	0.78 to 1.93	1.14	0.88 to 1.48	1.25	0.79 to 1.98	1.07	0.82 to 1.42
Rural/Small city vs middle/large city					1.59	0.86 to 2.94	1.11	0.86 to 1.42	1.51	0.81 to 2.84	1.06	0.82 to 1.37	1.58	0.85 to 2.93	1.04	0.80 to 1.34
West vs East Germany					2.02	0.82 to 4.93	0.78	0.61 to 1.01	2.10	0.85 to 5.22	0.82	0.64 to 1.04	2.29	0.93 to 5.61	0.93	0.72 to 1.21
Living alone: yes vs no					2.20	1.39 to 3.45	1.31	0.95 to 1.81	2.11	1.32 to 3.37	1.17	0.82 to 1.66	2.20	1.36 to 3.56	1.23	0.85 to 1.76
Smoking vs not smoking									1.34	0.72 to 2.48	1.31	0.95 to 1.81	1.34	0.73 to 2.46	1.41	0.99 to 1.99
Obesity: yes vs no									3.90	2.52 to 6.03	3.17	2.45 to 4.10	3.47	2.17 to 5.56	2.68	2.04 to 3.52
Moderate drinking vs no alcohol use									1.45	0.69 to 3.03	0.79	0.54 to 1.16	1.45	0.69 to 3.04	0.77	0.52 to 1.14
Risky drinking vs no use									0.71	0.33 to 1.54	0.52	0.32 to 0.85	0.67	0.30 to 1.48	0.53	0.32 to 0.88
No sports vs any sports									1.13	0.68 to 1.87	1.32	1.01 to 1.73	1.12	0.68 to 1.85	1.31	0.99 to 1.73
Parental history of diabetes: yes vs no													2.04	1.24 to 3.35	3.16	2.30 to 4.34
Hyperlipidemia: Yyes vs no													1.23	0.79 to 1.92	1.08	0.80 to 1.45
Hypertension: yes vs no													1.66	1.09 to 2.53	2.04	1.42 to 2.95
PHQ-9: with vs without depressive symptoms													1.22	0.51 to 2.91	1.82	1.15 to 2.89
Visiting a doctor in the past year: no vs yes													2.57	1.34 to 4.93	0.57	0.27 to 1.22

Hyperlipidemia: defined as total cholesterol ≥6.2 mmol/L or currently using lipids-lowering drugs for the treatment of physician-diagnosed hyperlipidemia.
Hypertension: defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg (18.7 kPa) or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg (12.0 kPa) or currently using antihypertensive drugs for the treatment of physician-diagnosed hypertension.
*Odds ratios (ORs): based on relative risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) obtained from multinomial logistic regression analyses. Bold values denote statistical significance at the p<0.05 level. Results were weighted to the population of 31 December 2010.
PHQ-9, 9-item depression module of the Patient Health Questionnaire.