Characteristics of the study population born between 1996 and 2015 at birth according to maternal diabetes status
| Characteristic | Maternal diabetes status | ||
| Pregestational diabetes | Gestational diabetes | Unexposed | |
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
| Calendar year | |||
| 1996–2000 | 2148 (10.3) | 2447 (12.3) | 306 762 (26.6) |
| 2001–2005 | 3050 (14.6) | 3457 (17.3) | 298 294 (25.9) |
| 2006–2010 | 7113 (34.0) | 6448 (32.2) | 289 956 (25.1) |
| 2011–2015 | 8576 (41.1) | 7628 (38.2) | 258 012 (22.4) |
| Parity | |||
| 1 | 9190 (44.0) | 7797 (39.0) | 510 514 (44.3) |
| 2 | 7739 (37.1) | 7192 (36.0) | 429 393 (37.2) |
| ≥3 | 3958 (18.9) | 4991 (25.0) | 213 117 (18.5) |
| Sex | |||
| Boys | 10 761 (51.5) | 10 421 (52.2) | 591 782 (51.3) |
| Girls | 10 126 (48.5) | 9559 (47.8) | 561 242 (48.7) |
| Preterm birth | |||
| No | 17 821 (85.3) | 18 518 (92.7) | 1 097 399 (95.2) |
| Yes | 3066 (14.7) | 1462 (7.3) | 55 625 (4.8) |
| Low birth weight | |||
| No | 19 345 (92.6) | 19 038 (95.3) | 1 103 427 (95.7) |
| Yes | 1248 (6.0) | 751 (3.7) | 39 670 (3.4) |
| Missing | 294 (1.4) | 191 (1.0) | 9927 (0.9) |
| Apgar at 5 min | |||
| 10 | 18 372 (88.0) | 18 037 (90.3) | 1 060 912 (92.0) |
| 7–9 | 2052 (9.8) | 1574 (7.9) | 74 925 (6.5) |
| 0–6 | 250 (1.2) | 203 (1.0) | 8602 (0.8) |
| Missing | 213 (1.0) | 166 (0.8) | 8585 (0.7) |
| Maternal age at birth | |||
| ≤25 | 2286 (10.9) | 2239 (11.2) | 215 076 (18.7) |
| 26–30 | 7149 (34.2) | 5824 (29.2) | 430 254 (37.3) |
| 31–35 | 7529 (36.1) | 7045 (35.2) | 361 849 (31.4) |
| ≥36 | 3923 (18.8) | 4872 (24.4) | 145 845 (12.6) |
| Paternal age at birth | |||
| ≤25 | 1102 (5.3) | 1140 (5.7) | 108 414 (9.4) |
| 26–30 | 4913 (23.5) | 4309 (21.6) | 333 714 (28.9) |
| 31–35 | 7296 (34.9) | 6564 (32.9) | 396 431 (34.4) |
| ≥36 | 7269 (34.8) | 7637 (38.2) | 302 410 (26.2) |
| Missing | 307 (1.5) | 330 (1.6) | 12 055 (1.1) |
| Maternal years of education | |||
| 0–9 | 3799 (18.2) | 4142 (20.7) | 210 413 (18.3) |
| 10–14 | 8983 (43.0) | 8991 (45.0) | 515 176 (44.7) |
| ≥15 | 7744 (37.1) | 5904 (29.6) | 400 847 (34.7) |
| Missing | 361 (1.7) | 943 (4.7) | 26 588 (2.3) |
| Maternal cohabitation status | |||
| Yes | 12 325 (59.0) | 11 582 (58.0) | 604 184 (52.4) |
| No | 8556 (41.0) | 8381 (42.0) | 548 115 (47.5) |
| Missing | 6 (<0.1) | 17 (<0.1) | 725 (0.1) |
| Maternal origin | |||
| Born in Denmark | 17 800 (85.2) | 14 937 (74.8) | 984 608 (85.4) |
| Not born in Denmark | 3083 (14.8) | 5036 (25.2) | 168 064 (14.6) |
| Missing | 4 (<0.1) | 7 (<0.1) | 352 (<0.1) |
| Maternal psychiatric disorders | |||
| Yes | 2983 (14.3) | 2457 (12.3) | 99 820 (8.7) |
| No | 17 904 (85.7) | 17 523 (87.7) | 1 053 204 (91.3) |
| Maternal smoking status during pregnancy | |||
| Yes | 2924 (14.0) | 3130 (15.1) | 196 070 (17.0) |
| No | 17 167 (82.2) | 16 328 (81.7) | 926 720 (80.4) |
| Missing | 796 (3.8) | 642 (3.2) | 30 234 (2.6) |