Prevalence % (95% CI) | No. of patients | |||
DR | Referable DR | VTDR (including CSME) | ||
Total | 28.8 (28.4 to 29.3) | 24.4 (24.0 to 24.8) | 10.8 (10.5 to 11.1) | 40 665 |
Gender | ||||
Male | 28.3 (27.7 to 28.8) | 23.5 (23.0 to 24.1) | 10.0 (9.6 to 10.4) | 23 686 |
Female | 29.6 (28.9 to 30.3) | 25.5 (24.9 to 26.2) | 11.9 (11.4 to 12.4) | 16 979 |
Age groups, years | ||||
18–29 | 18.7 (16.6 to 20.8) | 12.7 (10.9 to 14.4) | 6.2 (4.9 to 7.5) | 1375 |
30–39 | 22.9 (21.6 to 24.3) | 17.0 (15.8 to 18.2) | 6.8 (6.0 to 7.6) | 3775 |
40–49 | 27.9 (26.9 to 29.0) | 22.2 (21.4 to 23.1) | 8.9 (8.3 to 9.5) | 8650 |
50–59 | 30.2 (29.5 to 31.0) | 25.6 (24.8 to 26.3) | 11.0 (10.5 to 11.5) | 14 231 |
60–69 | 30.2 (29.3 to 31.1) | 27.1 (26.3 to 28.0) | 12.5 (11.9 to 13.2) | 10 304 |
≥70 | 33.5 (31.6 to 35.4) | 31.8 (29.9 to 33.7) | 18.0 (16.5 to 19.6) | 2330 |
Diabetic duration, years | ||||
<5 | 20.0 (19.4 to 20.6) | 15.6 (15.0 to 16.1) | 5.9 (5.5 to 6.2) | 17 175 |
5–10 | 30.8 (29.9 to 31.8) | 25.7 (24.7 to 26.7) | 10.7 (10.0 to 11.4) | 7246 |
10–15 | 41.4 (40.1 to 42.7) | 35.9 (34.6 to 37.1) | 16.8 (15.8 to 17.8) | 5403 |
15–20 | 49.1 (47.1 to 51.1) | 44.3 (42.3 to 46.2) | 22.1 (20.4 to 23.7) | 2426 |
≥20 | 52.5 (50.0 to 54.9) | 48.0 (45.5 to 50.4) | 10.7 (9.9 to 11.4) | 1618 |
HbA1c, % | ||||
<6.5 | 18.4 (17.1 to 19.6) | 14.9 (13.7 to 16.0) | 6.4 (5.6 to 7.1) | 3778 |
6.5–6.9 | 21.2 (19.8 to 22.7) | 17.2 (15.8 to 18.5) | 7.3 (6.4 to 8.2) | 3046 |
7.0–7.9 | 26.5 (25.4 to 27.6) | 21.7 (20.7 to 22.8) | 9.5 (8.7 to 10.2) | 6208 |
8.0–8.9 | 32.9 (31.7 to 34.2) | 27.3 (26.1 to 28.4) | 11.2 (10.4 to 12.0) | 5685 |
9.0–9.9 | 34.0 (32.6 to 35.3) | 29.4 (28.2 to 30.7) | 12.4 (11.5 to 13.3) | 4941 |
≥10.0 | 33.3 (32.5 to 34.2) | 28.4 (27.6 to 29.2) | 13.0 (12.4 to 13.6) | 11 338 |
CSME, clinically significant macular edema; DR, diabetic retinopathy; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; VTDR, vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy.