GDM (n=33) | Control (n=29) | P value | |
Maternal age (year) | 32.4±5.2 | 32.7±5.8 | 0.81 |
Parity, n (%) | 0.99 | ||
Nulliparous | 7 (21) | 6 (21) | |
Multiparous | 26 (79) | 23 (79) | |
Race/ethnicity, n (%) | 0.52 | ||
Non-Hispanic white | 0 (0) | 1 (3.5) | |
Non-Hispanic black | 28 (85) | 25 (86) | |
Hispanic white | 3 (9) | 1 (3.5) | |
Asian | 1 (3) | 0 (0) | |
Other/mixed race | 1 (3) | 2 (7) | |
Education level, n (%) | 0.30 | ||
≤High school | 24 (73) | 18 (62) | |
≥Some college | 9 (27) | 11 (38) | |
Prepregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 34.2±7.6 | 28.3±7.9 | <0.01 |
Maternal BMI at delivery (kg/m2) | 38.8±7.1 | 32.8±8.7 | <0.01 |
Gestational weight gain (kg) | 12.4±10.3 | 11.4±8.1 | 0.68 |
Gestational age (week) | 37.2±2.1 | 38.9±1.5 | <0.01 |
Cesarean section (n (%)) | 21 (63) | 16 (55) | 0.49 |
Preterm delivery (n (%)) | 10 (30) | 1 (3) | <0.01 |
Sex of neonate (male) (n (%)) | 12 (36) | 12 (41) | 0.69 |
Neonatal mortality (n (%)) | 2 (6) | 0 (0) | 0.19 |
Birth weight (g) | 3303±775 | 3128±447 | 0.29 |
Small for gestational age (n (%)) | 2 (6) | 3 (10) | 0.54 |
Large for gestational age (n (%)) | 9 (27) | 0 (0) | <0.01 |
*Analyzed with Student’s t-test for continuous variables and χ2 test or Fisher’s exact test (for the race/ethnicity variable) for categorical variables. Values are mean±SD.
BMI, body mass index; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus.