Demographic and medical characteristics by diabetes states of non-pregnant adults 20+ years old from NHANES 2013–2016*
| No diabetes | Diabetes | P value | |
| n (unweighted) | 3352 | 947 | |
| Sex | |||
| Male (%) | 48.1 (46.4 to 49.8) | 51.7 (47.7 to 55.7) | 0.113 |
| Female (%) | 51.9 (50.2 to 53.6) | 48.3 (44.3 to 52.3) | |
| Age (years) | 45.5 (44.6 to 46.4) | 59.1 (58.1 to 60.0) | <0.001 |
| Race | |||
| Non-Hispanic white (%) | 66.4 (60.8 to 71.9) | 65.1 (58.6 to 71.5) | 0.025 |
| Non-Hispanic black (%) | 10.7 (7.8 to 13.7) | 13.1 (9.8 to 16.4) | |
| Mexican American (%) | 8.4 (5.7 to 11.1) | 9.0 (5.6 to 12.5) | |
| Other (%) | 14.5 (12.0 to 16.9) | 12.8 (9.6 to 16.1) | |
| Education† | |||
| ≤High school diploma (%) | 35.3 (30.3 to 40.3) | 42.9 (38 to 47.9) | 0.010 |
| >High school diploma (%) | 64.7 (59.7 to 69.7) | 57.1 (52.1 to 62) | |
| Income‡ | |||
| <3 times the poverty rate (%) | 50.6 (45.8 to 55.4) | 55.2 (48.9 to 61.6) | 0.159 |
| ≥3 times the poverty rate (%) | 49.4 (44.6 to 54.2) | 44.8 (38.4 to 51.1) | |
| Food security§ | |||
| Full food security (%) | 74.5 (71.8 to 77.3) | 68.8 (63.2 to 74.5) | 0.046 |
| Marginal to very low food security (%) | 25.5 (22.7 to 28.2) | 31.2 (25.5 to 36.8) | |
| Routine place to go for healthcare (%) | 81.5 (79.6 to 83.4) | 92.1 (89.8 to 94.3) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | |||
| Self-reported diabetes (%) | 64.6 (60.5 to 68.8) | ||
| Time since diagnosis (years) | 7.1 (6.5 to 7.7) | ||
| Medication use | |||
| Insulin use (%) | 34.0 (29.4 to 38.7) | ||
| Any diabetes medication (%) | 61.8 (57.3 to 66.2) | ||
| Blood pressure | |||
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 120.5 (119.8 to 121.2) | 130.5 (128.9 to 132.2) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 68.9 (68.2 to 69.6) | 69.5 (68.4 to 70.7) | 0.269 |
| Hypertensive (%) | 29.9 (27.5 to 32.3) | 68.2 (63.1 to 73.2) | <0.001 |
| Cholesterol | |||
| HDL (mg/dL) | 55.8 (54.9 to 56.6) | 49.8 (48.3 to 51.3) | <0.001 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 113.4 (111.9 to 114.8) | 105.9 (102.8 to 108.9) | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 190.9 (189.2 to 192.6) | 185.3 (181.1 to 189.5) | 0.012 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 109.7 (106.6 to 112.9) | 152.6 (138.2 to 167.0) | <0.001 |
Bold text indicates statistical significance at the P < 0.05 level.
*Values are percent or means (95% CIs).
†Data missing for two participants.
‡Data available for 92.4% of participants.
§Data available for 98.4% of participants.
HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.