Characteristics | Univariate | Multivariate | ||
β | p | β | p | |
Gender (male/female) | 0.026596 | 0.3934 | – | – |
Age (yrs) | 0.114266 | 0.0002 | 0.056413 | 0.1164 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 0.091328 | 0.0034 | 0.055167 | 0.5780 |
Fat amount (%) | 0.061529 | 0.0489 | −0.09603 | 0.1566 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 0.1047 | 0.0008 | 0.038963 | 0.5946 |
FBG (mg/dL) | 0.107497 | 0.0005 | 0.47301 | 0.4563 |
HbA1c (%) | 0.105119 | 0.0007 | 0.076375 | 0.1210 |
F-IRI (mU/mL) | 0.088308 | 0.0046 | 0.239977 | 0.0211 |
C-peptide (ng/mL) | 0.007125 | 0.0221 | −0.05989 | 0.2998 |
HOMA-β | 0.03434 | 0.2711 | – | – |
HOMA-IR | 0.085758 | 0.0059 | −0.21865 | 0.0662 |
Tg (mg/dL) | 0.041715 | 0.1806 | – | – |
Tc (mg/dL) | 0.037352 | 0.2306 | – | – |
HDL-c (mg/dL) | −0.03741 | 0.2298 | – | – |
LDL-c (mg/dL) | 0.04027 | 0.1961 | – | – |
Pentosidine (pmol/mL) | 0.033234 | 0.2864 | – | – |
IL-6 (pg/mL) | 0.02598 | 0.4051 | – | – |
Hs-CRP (mg/dL) | 0.046967 | 0.1318 | – | – |
Adiponectin (mg/mL) | −0.02395 | 0.4424 | – | – |
LBP (µg/mL) | 0.102544 | 0.0010 | 0.069907 | 0.0341 |
Urine 8-OHdG (ng/mL・Cr) | 0.79512 | 0.0107 | 0.056413 | 0.0839 |
Vitamin A (μg/mL) | 0.014828 | 0.6344 | – | – |
Vitamin C (μg/mL) | 0.045113 | 0.1479 | – | – |
Vitamin E (μg/mL) | 0.057888 | 0.0632 | – | – |
Lutein (μg/mL) | 0.01144 | 0.7137 | – | – |
Zeaxantihin (μg/mL) | −0.01188 | 0.7033 | – | – |
β-Cryptoxanthin (µg/mL) | 0.009113 | 0.7701 | – | – |
α -Carotene(µg/mL) | −0.00653 | 0.8432 | – | – |
β -Carotene (µg/mL) | −0.00297 | 0.9240 | – | – |
Lycopene (µg/mL) | −0.03585 | 0.2502 | – | – |
Decreased ATR (%) | −0.06562 | 0.0354 | −0.02627 | 0.4187 |
Subjective symptom (%) | −0.044338 | 0.1644 | – | – |
ATR, Achilles tendon reflex; BMI, body mass index; FBG, fasting blood glucose; F-IRI, fasting serum insulin; HbA1c, glycohemoglobin A1c; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-β, homeostatic model assessment β-cell function; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance; Hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C reactive protein; IL-6, interleukin-6; LBP, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein; LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; 8-OHdG, 8-hydoroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine; PINT, pain threshold from intraepidermal electrical stimulation; Tc, total cholesterol; Tg, tryglyceride.