Characteristics of dialysis patients with diabetes
| Total | Hypoglycemic agent users | Hypoglycemic agent non-users | P value | ||
| n | 40 417 | 27 761 | 12 656 | ||
| Mean (SD) | Missing (%) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||
| Age (years) | 67.3±11.2 | 0 | 66.8±11.2 | 68.4±11.3 | <0.001 |
| Sex, female (%) | 30.8 | 0 | 32.0 | 28.2 | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.3±4.1 | 5 | 22.4±4.1 | 22.0±3.9 | <0.001 |
| Primary kidney disease, DKD (%) | 86.7 | 0 | 88.6 | 82.5 | <0.001 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 3.6±0.4 | 0 | 3.6±0.4 | 3.6±0.4 | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 107±12 | 0 | 107±12 | 107±12 | 0.001 |
| Hemoglobin A1c (%) | 6.2±1.1 | 49 | 6.4±1.2 | 5.7±0.9 | <0.001 |
| Glycated albumin (%) | 21.3±5.3 | 0 | 22.3±5.5 | 19.3±4.4 | <0.001 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/dL) | 0.15 (0.06, 0.46) | 13 | 0.15 (0.06, 0.47) | 0.14 (0.06, 0.46) | 0.99 |
| Geriatric nutritional risk index | 92.8±8.0 | 5 | 93.0±7.7 | 92.4±8.4 | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 157±24 | 1 | 157±24 | 156±24 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 78±14 | 1 | 78±14 | 78±15 | 0.95 |
| Antihypertensive drug use (%) | 74.8 | 4 | 75.9 | 72.3 | <0.001 |
| Calcium (mg/dL) | 8.7±0.7 | 0 | 8.7±0.7 | 8.7±0.8 | <0.001 |
| Phosphate (mg/dL) | 5.2±1.4 | 0 | 5.2±1.4 | 5.2±1.5 | 0.40 |
| Intact parathyroid hormone (mg/dL) | 128 (70, 207) | 4 | 127 (69, 205) | 131 (73, 211) | <0.001 |
| Insulin use (%) | 36.3 | 1 | 53.3 | 0 | <0.001 |
| DPP4 inhibitor use (%) | 32.0 | 3 | 47.1 | 0 | <0.001 |
| Other hypoglycemic agent use (%) | 23.0 | 3 | 34.0 | 0 | <0.001 |
| Smoking (%) | 14.9 | 12 | 15.0 | 14.6 | 0.24 |
| Hemodiafiltration (%) | 10.0 | 0 | 10.4 | 9.1 | <0.001 |
| Kt/V | 1.39±0.28 | 4 | 1.39±0.28 | 1.38±0.28 | 0.006 |
| Comorbid condition (%) | 37.7 | 6 | 38.0 | 37.1 | 0.09 |
| Malnutrition (%) | 20.6 | 0 | 19.7 | 22.5 | <0.001 |
Hypoglycemic agents included insulin, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP4i), and oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA). The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria (serum albumin <3.8 g/dL, and patients whose body mass index was low (<18.5 if <70 years old and <20 if ≥70 years old) or who experienced weight loss more than 10% during 2013–2014) were used to assess malnutrition.12
DKD, diabetic kidney disease; DPP4, dipeptidyl peptidase-4.