No diabetes | Pre-diabetes | Diabetes | P value (ANOVA) | |||
HbA1c<5.7% | HbA1c≥5.7% and <6.5% | HbA1c<6.5% | HbA1c≥6.5% and <9.0% | HbA1c≥9.0% | ||
n (unweighted) | 2422 | 928 | 417 | 405 | 125 | |
Energy (kcal/day) | 2189 (2142 to 2235) | 2216 (2132 to 2300) | 2095 (1978 to 2213) | 2151 (1997 to 2305) | 2094 (1918 to 2269) | 0.556 |
Protein (% kcal) | 16.1 (15.6 to 16.5) | 15.9 (15.4 to 16.4) | 16.2 (15.4 to 17.1) | 16.0 (15.4 to 16.6) | 17.2 (15.9 to 18.5) | 0.440 |
Total carbohydrates (% kcal) | 46.9 (46.2 to 47.6) | 47.9 (46.7 to 49.0) | 46.3 (45.2 to 47.3) | 48.3 (46.9 to 49.7) | 45.6 (43.2 to 48.1) | 0.051 |
Total sugar (% kcal) | 20.2 (19.5 to 20.9) | 21.1 (20.1 to 22.1) | 20.2 (19.1 to 21.3) | 19.1 (17.4 to 20.8) | 19.4 (16.3 to 22.5) | 0.098 |
Fiber (g/2000 kcal) | 16 (16 to 17) | 15 (15 to 16) | 16 (15 to 17) | 16 (15 to 17) | 15 (13 to 18) | 0.209 |
Fat (% kcal) | 34.9 (34.6 to 35.3) | 35.0 (34.1 to 36.0) | 35.0 (33.9 to 36.1) | 35.3 (34.0 to 36.6) | 36.8 (34.7 to 38.9) | 0.493 |
Saturated fat (% kcal) | 11.3 (11.1 to 11.5) | 11.7 (11.2 to 12.1) | 11.7 (11.2 to 12.3) | 11.5 (11.0 to 12.1) | 12.0 (11.1 to 12.8) | 0.203 |
Monounsaturated fat (% kcal) | 12.3 (12.1 to 12.4) | 12.1 (11.7 to 12.5) | 12.1 (11.6 to 12.5) | 12.2 (11.7 to 12.7) | 13.1 (12.2 to 14.0) | 0.174 |
Polyunsaturated fat (% kcal) | 8.1 (7.9 to 8.3) | 8.0 (7.7 to 8.3) | 7.8 (7.4 to 8.3) | 8.3 (7.8 to 8.9) | 8.2 (7.6 to 8.9) | 0.268 |
Cholesterol (mg/2000 kcal) | 277 (264 to 290) | 290 (272 to 308) | 296 (266 to 326) | 296 (267 to 324) | 309 (270 to 348) | 0.610 |
Calcium (mg/2000 kcal) | 927 (896 to 958) | 899 (869 to 929) | 1016 (927 to 1104) | 972 (884 to 1060) | 905 (821 to 989) | 0.124 |
Potassium (mg/2000 kcal) | 2527 (2473 to 2581) | 2461 (2372 to 2550) | 2515 (2398 to 2633) | 2492 (2331 to 2653) | 2516 (2360 to 2673) | 0.639 |
Magnesium (mg/2000 kcal) | 297 (288 to 305) | 275 (265 to 285) | 283 (268 to 298) | 282 (268 to 297) | 272 (246 to 299) | 0.007 |
Sodium (mg/2000 kcal) | 3412 (3341 to 3482) | 3476 (3352 to 3600) | 3521 (3362 to 3680) | 3678 (3482 to 3874) | 3771 (3492 to 4051) | 0.144 |
Overall HEI-2015 diet score† | 44.6 (43.7 to 45.6) | 41.5 (40.2 to 42.8) | 42.1 (40.4 to 43.8) | 42.4 (40.4 to 44.3) | 39.0 (37.0 to 41.1) | 0.001 |
Bold text indicates statistical significance at the P < 0.05 level.
*Values are means (95% CIs).
†Range=0 (worst) to 100 (best).
ANOVA, analysis of variance; HbA1c, glycohemoglobin A1c; HEI-2015, Healthy Eating Index-2015; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.