Total study population (n=41 598) | People with periodontal treatment in 2012–2018 (n=8188) | People without periodontal treatment in 2012–2018 (n=33 410) | χ2 p value | |
Gender, No. (%) | ||||
Men | 22 605 (54.3) | 4721 (57.7) | 17 884 (53.5) | <0.001 |
Women | 18 992 (45.7) | 3467 (42.3) | 15 525 (46.5) | |
Unknown | 1 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.0) | |
Age, No. (%), years | ||||
18–25 | 475 (1.1) | 36 (0.4) | 439 (1.3) | <0.001 |
25–30 | 460 (1.1) | 55 (0.7) | 405 (1.2) | |
30–35 | 666 (1.6) | 101 (1.2) | 565 (1.7) | |
35–40 | 1139 (2.7) | 212 (2.6) | 927 (2.8) | |
40–45 | 2198 (5.3) | 427 (5.2) | 1771 (5.3) | |
45–50 | 3513 (8.5) | 778 (9.5) | 2735 (8.2) | |
50–55 | 4867 (11.7) | 1152 (14.1) | 3715 (11.1) | |
55–60 | 6120 (14.7) | 1356 (16.6) | 4764 (14.3) | |
60–65 | 6977 (16.8) | 1518 (18.5) | 5459 (16.3) | |
65–70 | 6752 (16.2) | 1323 (16.2) | 5429 (16.3) | |
70–75 | 4357 (10.5) | 703 (8.6) | 3654 (10.9) | |
75–80 | 2621 (6.3) | 365 (4.5) | 2256 (6.8) | |
80–85 | 1161 (2.8) | 136 (1.7) | 1025 (3.1) | |
85–90 | 263 (0.6) | 22 (0.3) | 241 (0.7) | |
90–95 | 28 (0.1) | 3 (0.0) | 25 (0.1) | |
95–100 | 1 (0.0) | 1 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
SES, No. (%) | ||||
Very low | 9362 (22.5) | 2141 (26.2) | 7648 (21.6) | <0.001 |
Low | 10 256 (24.7) | 2249 (27.5) | 7148 (24.0) | |
Moderate | 3976 (9.6) | 929 (11.4) | 3047 (9.1) | |
High | 8516 (20.5) | 1368 (16.7) | 8007 (21.4) | |
Very high | 9070 (21.8) | 1422 (17.4) | 7221 (22.9) | |
Unknown | 418 (1.0) | 79 (1.0) | 339 (1.0) | |
Diabetes medication in 2012, No. (%) | ||||
Only metformin | 14 534 (34.9) | 2985 (36.5) | 11 549 (34.6) | 0.001 |
Other oral DM medication† | 13 254 (31.9) | 2605 (31.8) | 10 649 (31.9) | |
Insulin | 13 810 (33.2) | 2598 (31.7) | 11 212 (33.6) | |
Diabetes-related healthcare costs per patient per quarter, median (IQR), € | ||||
2012 | 38.45 (11.52–263.14) | 33.14 (10.90–257.83) | 40.22 (11.67–264.72) | 0.003 |
2013 | 41.00 (11.64–267.60) | 34.37 (11.13–267.79) | 42.48 (11.78–267.50) | 0.023 |
2014 | 44.42 (12.76–262.91) | 38.17 (12.29–263.01) | 46.04 (12.90–262.87) | 0.016 |
2015 | 47.11 (13.10–228.39) | 40.87 (12.36–227.87) | 48.53 (13.27–228.44) | 0.009 |
2016 | 59.17 (14.80–248.21) | 50.47 (14.25–246.40) | 61.57 (14.93–248.34) | 0.040 |
2017 | 39.29 (4.88–225.60) | 34.09 (4.86–230.04) | 40.41 (4.89–224.56) | 0.597 |
2018 | 46.58 (5.04–223.62) | 40.08 (5.09–226.32) | 47.89 (5.03–223.01) | 0.773 |
Periodontal treatment costs per patient per quarter, median (IQR), €* | ||||
2012 | 29.74 (17.00–41.09) | 29.74 (17.00–41.09) | 0 (0.0–0.0) | <0.001 |
2013 | 29.06 (15.39–41.04) | 29.06 (15.39–41.04) | 0 (0.0–0.0) | <0.001 |
2014 | 31.94 (16.86–42.97) | 31.94 (16.86–42.97) | 0 (0.0–0.0) | <0.001 |
2015 | 30.83 (16.25–43.60) | 30.83 (16.25–43.60) | 0 (0.0–0.0) | <0.001 |
2016 | 30.13 (20.02–45.19) | 30.13 (20.02–45.19) | 0 (0.0–0.0) | <0.001 |
2017 | 30.66 (20.37–45.98) | 30.66 (20.37–45.98) | 0 (0.0–0.0) | <0.001 |
2018 | 31.50 (20.93–47.24) | 31.50 (20.93–47.24) | 0 (0.0–0.0) | <0.001 |
*Periodontal treatment costs only for those with periodontal treatment.
†May include metformin in combination with other oral blood glucose-lowering drugs.
DM, diabetes mellitus; NA, not applicable; SES, socioeconomic status.