ORs (95% CI) for chronic inflammation among women with a history of gestational diabetes, according to lifetime duration of lactation*
| 0 month | 1–12 months | 12–24 months | >24 months | P linear trend | Per 6-month increase | Per 1-year increase | |
| Model 1 | 1 | 1.13 (0.66 to 1.96) | 0.83 (0.48 to 1.46) | 0.59 (0.34 to 1.02) | 0.002 | 0.93 (0.87 to 0.99) | 0.87 (0.77 to 0.98) |
| Model 2 | 1 | 1.19 (0.68 to 2.09) | 0.82 (0.46 to 1.45) | 0.49 (0.27 to 0.89) | 0.0003 | 0.89 (0.82 to 0.96) | 0.79 (0.68 to 0.92) |
| Model 3 | 1 | 1.33 (0.75 to 2.37) | 0.94 (0.52 to 1.71) | 0.55 (0.30 to 1.03) | 0.001 | 0.90 (0.83 to 0.97) | 0.81 (0.69 to 0.94) |
*Chronic inflammation is assessed using CRP 3 mg/L cut-off (n=224 of 675 above 3 mg/L). Model 1 is adjusted for age at follow-up blood draw. Model 2 is additionally adjusted for ethnicity (white/non-white), family history of diabetes (yes/no), parity, age at first birth (<25, 25–29, 30–34, and ≥35 years) and menopausal status at follow-up blood draw (yes/no). Model 3 is adjusted for model 2 in addition to ever smoking (yes/no), diet quality (high/low), physical activity (high/low), and prepregnancy BMI (≤25, 25–30, and >30 kg/m2).
BMI, body mass index; CRP, C reactive protein.