Table 2

Metabolic, hormonal and inflammatory parameters

	Late pregnancy n=8	Early post partum n=6	Late post partum n=7	P value
Metabolic parameters
M value	1.9±0.1^a	3.8±0.4^b	3.8±0.3^b	<0.0001
ISI	0.03±0.004^a	0.09±0.01^b	0.07±0.008^c	<0.0001
Weight (kg)	79.5±3.6^a	71.8±4.5^b	68.9±4.2^c	<0.0001
BMI	28.3±0.9^a	25.3±0.7^b	24.9±1.2^c	<0.0001
Systolic blood pressure	119±3	112±3^a	121±4^b	0.04
Diastolic blood pressure	71±3	68±4	76±5	NS
HbA1c mmol/mol	36±1.7	38±2	37±2	NS
HbA1c %	5.4+0.2	5.6+0.2	5.5+0.2	NS
Plasma glucose	5.2±0.1	5.1±0.1	5.0±0.1	NS
Creatinine	52.8±4	61.7±4	56.5±4	NS
Cholesterol	5.7±0.3^a	5.8±0.4^a	4.4±0.3^b	<0.0001
HDL	1.8±0.2^a	1.6±0.2^a	1.3±0.2^b	<0.0001
LDL	2.8±0.3^a	3.7±0.3^b	2.6±0.2^a	<0.0001
Triglyceride	2.5±0.3^a	1.1±0.1^b	1±0.2^b	<0.0001
eGFR	>90	>90	>90
Sodium	137±0.3^a	140±0.3^b	140±0.4^b	<0.0001
Potassium	3.7±0.1^a	4±0.1^b	3.9±0.1	0.01
NEFA	1.2±0.2	1±0.1	1.1±0.1	NS
Hormonal parameters
Insulin	65.4±10^a	25±4^b	40±5.4^b	0.0002
Glucagon	124±9.3^a	112±9.2^b	101±9.4^c	<0.0001
C-peptide	758±97^a	384±26^b	562±61^c	<0.0001
TSH	2±0.3	1.0±0.1	2.6±0.9	NS
Adiponectin	8.9±1.7	8.4±2.6	9.1±1.5	NS
IGF-1	267±29.7^a	145±14.9^b	185±12.1^b	<0.0001
IGF-BP1	86±9.9^a	41±5.4^b	21±2.8^b	<0.0001
GH	0.3±0.2^a	1.6±0.8	2.5±0.5^b	0.002
Leptin	32.9±7.3^a	17.3±2.2^b	21.3±6.7	0.003
FGF-21	297±66.6	362±109.1	309±86.4	NS
Inflammatory parameters
HS-CRP	6.6±3.8	5.3±2.5	1.9±1.3	NS
MBL	1948±78^a	989±342^b	1238±405	0.03
IL-6	1.4±0.3	1.8±0.8	1.1±0.4	NS
TNF-α	12.6±1.2	10.3±0.9	11.1±1.4	NS

Variables are summarized by mean±SE.
^a,b,cP<0.05 indicates statistical significant difference between the respective visits, eg, for the M-value, we found statistically significant difference between visit 1 and visit 2 and between visit 1 and visit 3 but no statistically significant difference between visit 2 and visit 3.
BMI, body mass index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; FGF-21, Fibroblast Growth Factor-21; GH, growth hormone; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HS-CRP, high-sensitive C reactive protein; IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor-1; IGF-BP1, IGF-binding protein 1; IL, interleukin; ISI, insulin sensitivity index ; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MBL, mannose-binding lectin; NEFA, non-esterified fatty acid; NS, not significant; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone.