Characteristics of included patients who develop and do not develop new-onset diabetes mellitus
| Overall (n=485) | New-onset diabetes mellitus | |||
| Yes (n=112) | No (n=373) | P value | ||
| Demographic characteristics and pathological details | ||||
| Age (years) | 44.37±15.14 | 50.95±12.90 | 42.39±15.22 | <0.001* |
| Gender, female | 349 (72.0) | 69 (61.6) | 280 (75.1) | 0.005* |
| Family history of diabetes (first-degree relatives) | 22 (4.5) | 4 (3.6) | 18 (4.8) | 0.576 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.37±3.85 | 23.64±3.41 | 23.02±3.91 | <0.001* |
| ASA score | ||||
| I | 201 (41.4) | 34 (32.1) | 167 (44.1) | 0.039* |
| II | 270 (55.7) | 69 (65.1) | 201 (53.0) | |
| III | 14 (2.9) | 3 (2.8) | 11 (2.9) | |
| Location of tumor | <0.001* | |||
| Neck or body | 336 (69.3) | 94 (83.9) | 242 (64.9) | |
| Tail | 149 (30.7) | 18 (16.1) | 131 (35.1) | |
| Component of tumor | 0.399 | |||
| Cystic | 200 (41.2) | 46 (41.1) | 154 (41.3) | |
| Cystic and solid | 102 (21.0) | 19 (17.0) | 83 (22.3) | |
| Solid | 183 (37.7) | 47 (42.0) | 136 (36.5) | |
| Tumor size (cm) | 4.64±3.09 | 4.66±3.34 | 4.65±3.02 | 0.200 |
| Length of resected pancreas (cm) | 9.60±3.50 | 10.71±3.66 | 9.26±3.38 | <0.001* |
| Pathological diagnosis | 0.011* | |||
| Serous cystic neoplasm | 85 (17.5) | 18 (16.1) | 67 (18.0) | 0.644 |
| Mucinous cystic neoplasm | 90 (18.6) | 24 (21.4) | 66 (17.7) | 0.373 |
| Neuroendocrine tumor | 129 (26.6) | 34 (30.4) | 95 (25.5) | 0.305 |
| Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm | 95 (19.6) | 9 (8.0) | 86 (23.1) | <0.001* |
| Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm | 27 (5.6) | 11 (9.8) | 16 (4.3) | 0.025* |
| Pseudocyst | 19 (3.9) | 4 (3.6) | 15 (4.0) | 0.950 |
| Chronic pancreatitis | 13 (2.7) | 5 (4.5) | 8 (2.1) | 0.318 |
| Other | 27 (5.6) | 7 (6.3) | 20 (5.4) | 0.719 |
| Operative and postoperative courses | ||||
| Operative approach | 0.001* | |||
| Minimally invasive approach | 211 (43.5) | 34 (30.4) | 177 (47.5) | |
| Open approach | 274 (56.4) | 78 (69.6) | 196 (52.5) | |
| Operative time (min) | 207.37±70.39 | 220.92±70.33 | 203.30±70.00 | 0.021* |
| Operative blood loss (mL) | 435.63±668.60 | 619.20±1085.93 | 380.51±465.34 | 0.001* |
| Splenic preservation | 189 (39.0) | 23 (20.5) | 166 (44.5) | <0.001* |
| Splenic vessel preservation in patients with splenic preservation | 95/189 | 11/23 (47.8) | 84/166 (50.6) | 0.803 |
| Splenic infarction in patients with splenic preservation | 18/189 | 5/23 (21.7) | 13/166 (7.8) | 0.033* |
| Postoperative complication | 102 (21.0) | 37 (33.1) | 65 (17.4) | 0.001* |
| Clavien-Dindo grades I–II | 90 (18.6) | 35 (31.3) | 55 (14.7) | |
| Clavien-Dindo grades III–IV | 12 (2.5) | 2 (1.8) | 10 (2.7) | |
| Clinical postoperative pancreatic fistula (grades B and C) | 37 (7.6) | 11 (9.8) | 26 (7.0) | 0.319 |
| Abdominal infection/abscess | 29 (6.0) | 10 (8.9) | 19 (5.1) | 0.203 |
| Delayed gastric emptying | 21 (4.3) | 9 (8.0) | 12 (3.2) | 0.028* |
| Postoperative bleeding | 12 (2.5) | 2 (1.8) | 10 (2.7) | 0.851 |
| Pulmonary complications | 36 (7.4) | 12 (10.7) | 24 (6.4) | 0.130 |
| Wound infection | 7 (1.4) | 5 (4.5) | 2 (0.5) | 0.009* |
| In-hospital cost (¥) | 42 181.81±25 512.61 | 45 420.80±27 368.85 | 41 209.24±24 884.65 | 0.112 |
| Postoperative length of hospital stay (day) | 14.04±6.71 | 14.92±7.26 | 13.77±6.52 | 0.126 |
*Statistically significant.
ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists.