Baseline demographic characteristics of healthy pregnant women (CTRL), pregnant women with normal gestational age (GDM) and with LGA (GDM/LGA) enrolled in the study (mean±SEM)
| CTRL group (n=5) | GDM group (n=12) | GDM/LGA group (n=5) | P value | |
| Maternal parameters | ||||
| Maternal pregravid BMI (kg/m2) | 21.8±0.6 | 33.9±0.8 | 38.3±1.6 | p<0.0001*# p<0.05† |
| Gestational weight gain (kg) | 12±2.2 | 7.6±1.5 | 2.8±3.8 | n.s. |
| Maternal age (years) | 36.4±1.7 | 35.1±1.4 | 34.8±1.7 | n.s. |
| Gestational age (weeks) | 39.2±0.1 | 39.1±0.04 | 39.3±0.1 | n.s. |
| Mode of delivery | CS 5 | CS 12 | CS 5 | n.s. |
| Placental weight (g) | 491.4±30.8 | 508±26.8 | 530.0±50.7 | n.s. |
| Fasting glucose at delivery (mg/dL) | 78.2±4.6 | 84.1±3.2 | 100.8±4.3 | p<0.05#† |
| Fetal parameters | ||||
| Birth weight (g) | 3606.0±142.2 | 3313.0±76.03 | 3958.0±60.0 | p<0.001* |
| F/P ratio | 7.4±0.3 | 6.7±0.4 | 7.8±0.8 | n.s. |
| Gender (F/M) | 3/2 | 6/6 | 4/1 | n.s. |
* and # This represents statistical significance of CTRL versus GDM and GDM/LGA, respectively.
†This represents statistical significance of GDM versus GDM/LGA.
BMI, body mass index; CS, elective caesarean section; F/P ratio, fetal weight/placental weight ratio; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; LGA, large-for-gestational-age; n.s., not significant.