GST genotype distribution in patients and controls in terms of age of diabetes onset
| T2D diagnosed <40 years old | T2D diagnosed ≥40 years old | Control group (at age ≥40 years old) | P value* | |||
| A vs B | A vs C | B vs C | ||||
| n=16 | n=184 | n=212 | ||||
| GSTP1 | 0.60 | 0.52 | 0.97 | |||
| Wild type (Ile/Ile) | 6 (37.5%) | 83 (45.1%) | 98 (46.2%) | |||
| Heterozygous (Ile/Val) | 7 (43.8%) | 82 (44.6%) | 93 (43.9%) | |||
| Homozygous (Val/Val) | 3 (18.8%) | 19 (10.3%) | 21 (9.9%) | |||
| GSTP1 | 0.39 | 0.23 | 1.0 | |||
| Wild type or heterozygous | 13 (81.2%) | 165 (89.7%) | 191 (90.1%) | |||
| Homozygous (Val/Val) | 3 (18.8%) | 19 (10.3%) | 21 (9.9%) | |||
| GSTT1 | 0.55 | 0.32 | 0.18 | |||
| Wild type | 11 (68.8%) | 139 (75.5%) | 172 (81.1%) | |||
| Null/null | 5 (31.2%) | 45 (24.5%) | 40 (18.9%) | |||
| GSTM1 | 0.21 | 0.44 | 0.36 | |||
| Wild type | 11 (68.8%) | 95 (51.6%) | 120 (56.6%) | |||
| Null/null | 5 (31.2%) | 89 (48.4%) | 92 (43.4%) | |||
| GST combination | ||||||
| P1=wild, T1=wild, M1=null/null | 0 (0.0%) | 32 (17.4%) | 35 (16.5%) | |||
| P1=wild, T1=null/null, M1=wild | 2 (12.5%) | 8 (4.3%) | 11 (5.2%) | |||
| P1=wild, T1=null/null, M1=null/null | 1 (6.2%) | 14 (7.6%) | 5 (2.4%) | |||
| P1=heterozygous, T1=wild, M1=wild | 6 (37.5%) | 38 (20.7%) | 40 (18.9%) | |||
| P1=heterozygous, T1=wild, M1=null/null | 1 (6.2%) | 25 (13.6%) | 31 (14.6%) | |||
| P1=heterozygous, T1=null/null, M1=wild | 0 (0.0%) | 13 (7.1%) | 10 (4.7%) | |||
| P1=heterozygous, T1=null/null, M1=null/null | 0 (0.0%) | 6 (3.3%) | 12 (5.7%) | |||
| P1=homozygous, T1=wild, M1=wild | 0 (0.0%) | 6 (3.3%) | 11 (5.2%) | |||
| P1=homozygous, T1=wild, M1=null/null | 1 (6.2%) | 9 (4.9%) | 8 (3.8%) | |||
| P1=homozygous, T1=null/null, M1=wild | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.5%) | 1 (0.5%) | |||
| P1=homozygous, T1=null/null, M1=null/null | 2 (12.5%) | 3 (1.6%) | 1 (0.5%) | 0.052 | 0.013 | 0.341 |
| P1 and T1 | 0.13 | 0.016 | 0.57 | |||
| P1=wild, T1=wild | 3 (18.8%) | 61 (33.2%) | 82 (38.7%) | |||
| P1=wild, T1=null/null | 3 (18.8%) | 22 (12.0%) | 16 (7.5%) | |||
| P1=heterozygous, T1=wild | 7 (43.8%) | 63 (34.2%) | 71 (33.5%) | |||
| P1=heterozygous, T1=null/null | 0 (0.0%) | 19 (10.3%) | 22 (10.4%) | |||
| P1=homozygous, T1=wild | 1 (6.2%) | 15 (8.2%) | 19 (9.0%) | |||
| P1=homozygous, T1=null/null | 2 (12.5%) | 4 (2.2%) | 2 (0.9%) | |||
| P1 and M1 | 0.14 | 0.082 | 0.23 | |||
| P1=wild, M1=wild | 5 (31.2%) | 37 (20.1%) | 58 (27.4%) | |||
| P1=wild, M1=null/null | 1 (6.2%) | 46 (25.0%) | 40 (18.9%) | |||
| P1=heterozygous, M1=wild | 6 (37.5%) | 51 (27.7%) | 50 (23.6%) | |||
| P1=heterozygous, M1=null/null | 1 (6.2%) | 31 (16.8%) | 43 (20.3%) | |||
| P1=homozygous, M1=wild | 0 (0.0%) | 7 (3.8%) | 12 (5.7%) | |||
| P1=homozygous, M1=null/null | 3 (18.8%) | 12 (6.5%) | 9 (4.2%) | |||
| T1 and M1 | 0.21 | 0.14 | 0.43 | |||
| T1=wild, M1=wild | 9 (56.2%) | 73 (39.7%) | 98 (46.2%) | |||
| T1=wild, M1=null/null | 2 (12.5%) | 66 (35.9%) | 74 (34.9%) | |||
| T1=null/null, M1=wild | 2 (12.5%) | 22 (12.0%) | 22 (10.4%) | |||
| T1=null/null, M1=null/null | 3 (18.8%) | 23 (12.5%) | 18 (8.5%) | |||
*According to the Bonferroni correction, a p-value less than 0.017 (=0.05/3) is considered as statistically significant.
T2D, type 2 diabetes.