Demographic and clinical characteristics of study participants by aICAS
| Characteristics | aICAS (n=99) | Non-aICAS (n=1908) | P value* |
| Age (years) | 63 (54, 71) | 55 (49, 65) | <0.001 |
| Male (n, %) | 39 (39.4) | 918 (48.1) | 0.090 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 94.4 (11.4) | 91.3 (9.3) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension (n, %) | 83 (83.8) | 1067 (55.9) | <0.001 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 159 (149, 178) | 141 (128, 158) | <0.001 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 91 (82, 99) | 87 (79, 96) | 0.017 |
| Smoking habit (n, %) | 8 (8.1) | 439 (23.0) | 0.001 |
| Drinking habit (n, %) | 23 (23.2) | 634 (33.2) | 0.039 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.31 (4.90, 6.27) | 5.29 (4.66, 5.96) | 0.115 |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.42 (1.03, 2.08) | 1.09 (0.80, 1.60) | <0.001 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.47 (1.25, 1.62) | 1.59 (1.36, 1.88) | <0.001 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 3.13 (2.75, 3.75) | 2.93 (2.51, 3.39) | <0.001 |
| Use of cholesterol-lowering medications (n, %) | 0 (0.0) | 21 (2.8) | 0.233 |
| Use of antihypertensive medication (n, %) | 38 (45.8) | 287 (26.9) | <0.001 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 6.37 (5.54, 7.53) | 5.62 (5.23, 6.15) | <0.001 |
| DM (n, %) | 35 (35.4) | 272 (14.3) | <0.001 |
| Use of glucose-lowering medications (n, %) | 22 (62.9) | 117 (43.0) | 0.026 |
| MetS (n, %) | 76 (76.8) | 874 (45.8) | <0.001 |
| HOMA-IR | 2.72 (1.72, 3.70) | 1.95 (1.26, 2.92) | <0.001 |
| Fasting insulin (mUI/L) | 9.43 (5.98, 12.72) | 7.67 (5.11, 10.91) | 0.003 |
| IR (n, %) | 44 (44.4) | 448 (23.5) | <0.001 |
Data were shown as numbers (%), mean (SD), and mean (first, third quartiles).
*Comparison according to presence of aICAS using t-test, Mann-Whitney U test and χ2 test appropriately.
aICAS, asymptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DM, diabetes mellitus; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; ; IR, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR ≥3.0); LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MetS, metabolic syndrome; SBP, systolic blood pressure.