In all participants (n=2007) | In male participants (n=957) | In female participants (n=1050) | ||||
OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | |
DM* | ||||||
Model 1 | 2.52 (1.61 to 3.92) | <0.001 | 4.11 (2.04 to 8.28) | <0.001 | 1.88 (1.05 to 3.36) | 0.034 |
Model 2 | 2.09 (1.31 to 3.32) | 0.002 | 3.40 (1.62 to 7.13) | 0.001 | 1.53 (0.83 to 2.79) | 0.170 |
FPG†, mmol/L | ||||||
Model 1 | 1.41 (1.21 to 1.64) | <0.001 | 1.75 (1.37 to 2.24) | <0.001 | 1.24 (1.02 to 1.52) | 0.034 |
Model 2 | 1.34 (1.14 to 1.57) | <0.001 | 1.64 (1.26 to 2.13) | <0.001 | 1.18 (0.96 to 1.47) | 0.124 |
HOMA-IR† | ||||||
Model 1 | 1.50 (1.20 to 1.86) | <0.001 | 1.61 (1.16 to 2.22) | 0.004 | 1.41 (1.04 to 1.90) | 0.026 |
Model 2 | 1.24 (0.97 to 1.59) | 0.083 | 1.39 (0.96 to 2.02) | 0.084 | 1.12 (0.81 to 1.55) | 0.484 |
IR* | ||||||
Model 1 | 2.32 (1.52 to 3.54) | <0.001 | 3.69 (1.85 to 7.33) | <0.001 | 1.76 (1.03 to 2.99) | 0.038 |
Model 2 | 1.75 (1.11 to 2.75) | 0.015 | 3.04 (1.44 to 6.42) | 0.004 | 1.25 (0.71 to 2.20) | 0.441 |
Model 1: adjusted for age, gender, smoking habit, drinking habit, and LDL-C (continuous variable).
Model 2: Adjusted for variables in model 1 plus additional metabolic syndrome components (raised blood pressure (dichotomous variable), triglycerides (continuous variable), HDL-C (continuous variable), and waist circumference (continuous variable)).
*The ORs of dichotomous variables were for those with the feature when taking those without as reference.
†The ORs of continuous variables were for 1-SD increase after logarithmic transformation.
DM, diabetes mellitus; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; IR, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR ≥3.0); LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.